{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:43:32Z","timestamp":1791326612664,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amidst the opioid epidemic, harm reduction-oriented approaches have gained traction, including interventions that focus on prescribing pharmaceutical-grade psychoactive substances, such as opioids, instead of illicit versions, intending to mitigate fatal overdose risks arising from the variability in potency and additives found in illicit drugs. Stimulants have increasingly been found in the victims of opioid overdoses, further prompting some to argue for the prescription of stimulant medications for individuals with stimulant use disorders. Yet, the evidence supporting this practice remains insufficient. In this communication, we critically examine the existing evidence, challenges, and cautions surrounding the treatment of stimulant use disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13101416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T01:07:13Z","timestamp":1696554433000},"page":"1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Navigating Evidence, Challenges, and Caution in the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3490-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anees","family":"Bahji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2R 0N2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2R 0N2, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2R 0N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlon","family":"Danilewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R7, Canada"},{"name":"Ontario Shores Center for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON L1N 5S9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Crockford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2R 0N2, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2R 0N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32230-5","article-title":"Responding to Global Stimulant Use: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"394","author":"Farrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2211634","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.11634","article-title":"Analysis of Stimulant Prescriptions and Drug-Related Poisoning Risk Among Persons Receiving Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder","volume":"5","author":"Mintz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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