{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:13:17Z","timestamp":1789503197674,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gachon University and Gil Medical Center","award":["FRD2020-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD2020-20"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University and Gil Medical Center","award":["2021M3I2A1077405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M3I2A1077405"]}]},{"name":"Korea government (MSIT)","award":["FRD2020-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD2020-20"]}]},{"name":"Korea government (MSIT)","award":["2021M3I2A1077405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M3I2A1077405"]}]},{"name":"Neurosona Co., Ltd.","award":["FRD2020-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD2020-20"]}]},{"name":"Neurosona Co., Ltd.","award":["2021M3I2A1077405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M3I2A1077405"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuromodulation using high-energy focused ultrasound (FUS) has recently been developed for various neurological disorders, including tremors, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain. We investigated the safety and efficacy of low-energy FUS for patients with chronic neuropathic pain. We conducted a prospective single-arm trial with 3-month follow-up using new transcranial, navigation-guided, focused ultrasound (tcNgFUS) technology to stimulate the anterior cingulate cortex. Eleven patients underwent FUS with a frequency of 250 kHz and spatial-peak temporal-average intensity of 0.72 W\/cm2. A clinical survey based on the visual analog scale of pain and a brief pain inventory (BPI) was performed during the study period. The average age was 60.55 \u00b1 13.18 years-old with a male-to-female ratio of 6:5. The median current pain decreased from 10.0 to 7.0 (p = 0.021), median average pain decreased from 8.5 to 6.0 (p = 0.027), and median maximum pain decreased from 10.0 to 8.0 (p = 0.008) at 4 weeks after treatment. Additionally, the sum of daily life interference based on BPI was improved from 59.00 \u00b1 11.66 to 51.91 \u00b1 9.18 (p = 0.021). There were no side effects such as burns, headaches, or seizures, and no significant changes in follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging. Low-energy tcNgFUS could be a safe and noninvasive neuromodulation technique for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13101433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T04:56:43Z","timestamp":1696827403000},"page":"1433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Low-Energy Transcranial Navigation-Guided Focused Ultrasound for Neuropathic Pain: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1103-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Hoon","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2815-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2019","article-title":"Neuropathic Pain: From Mechanisms to Treatment","volume":"101","author":"Finnerup","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol. 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