{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:34:16Z","timestamp":1760150056215,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past 20 years, several eye-tracking technologies have been developed. This article aims to present a new type of eye tracker capable of producing detailed information on eye and head movements using an array of magnetoresistive detectors fixed on the patient\u2019s head and a small magnet inserted into a contact lens, adapted to the curvature of the cornea of the subject. The software used for data analysis can combine or compare eye and head movements and can represent them as 2D or 3D images. Preliminary data involve an initial patient who was asked to perform several tasks to establish the accuracy, reliability, and tolerance of the magnetic eye tracker and software. The tasks included assessment of saccadic eye movements and pursuit, \u201cdrawing\u201d alphabetic shapes or letters, and reading. Finally, a Head Impulse Test (HIT) was performed to estimate the VOR gain, comparing the standard deviation established via vHIT with that established via this magnetic eye tracker (mHIT). This prototypical device is minimally invasive, lightweight, relatively cheap, and tolerable, with a high degree of reliability and precision. All these characteristics could lead to the future use of the magnetic eye tracker in neurological and otoneurological fields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13101439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T03:24:55Z","timestamp":1696908295000},"page":"1439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of a Magnetoresistive-Based Wearable Eye-Tracking System for Oculomotor Assessment in Neurological and Otoneurological Research\u2014Preliminary In Vivo Tests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0537-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aniello","family":"Donniacuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, U.O.C. Otorinolaringoiatria, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2720-2118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Viberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, U.O.C. Otorinolaringoiatria, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8720-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Carucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, U.O.C. Otorinolaringoiatria, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1642-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio","family":"Biancalana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2071-0400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Bellizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cE. Fermi\u201d, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-7491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Mandal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, U.O.C. Otorinolaringoiatria, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.010","article-title":"Best practices in eye tracking research","volume":"155","author":"Carter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. 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