{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:08:12Z","timestamp":1770329292692,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fund iris-Recherche","award":["2022-J1820690-226889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-J1820690-226889"]}]},{"name":"Fund iris-Recherche","award":["30446199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30446199"]}]},{"name":"The Belgian Kids\u2019 Fund for Pediatric Research","award":["2022-J1820690-226889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-J1820690-226889"]}]},{"name":"The Belgian Kids\u2019 Fund for Pediatric Research","award":["30446199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30446199"]}]},{"name":"The King Baudouin Foundation","award":["2022-J1820690-226889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-J1820690-226889"]}]},{"name":"The King Baudouin Foundation","award":["30446199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30446199"]}]},{"name":"Excellence of Science (EOS) Project","award":["2022-J1820690-226889"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-J1820690-226889"]}]},{"name":"Excellence of Science (EOS) Project","award":["30446199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30446199"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates brain\u2013behaviour associations between interictal epileptic discharges and cognitive performance in a population of children with self-limited focal epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (SeLECTS). Sixteen patients with SeLECTS underwent an extensive neuropsychological assessment, including verbal short-term and episodic memory, non-verbal short-term memory, attentional abilities and executive function. Two quantitative EEG indices were analysed, i.e., the Spike Wave Index (SWI) and the Spike Wave Frequency (SWF), and one qualitative EEG index, i.e., the EEG score, was used to evaluate the spreading of focal SW to other parts of the brain. We investigated associations between EEG indices and neuropsychological performance with non-parametric Spearman correlation analyses, including correction for multiple comparisons. The results showed a significant negative correlation between (i) the awake EEG score and the Block Tapping Test, a visuo-spatial short-term memory task, and (ii) the sleep SWI and the Tower of London, a visuo-spatial planning task (pcorr &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that, in addition to the usual quantitative EEG indices, the EEG analysis should include the qualitative EEG score evaluating the spreading of focal SW to other parts of the brain and that neuropsychological assessment should include visuo-spatial skills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13111566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T01:54:30Z","timestamp":1699408470000},"page":"1566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["How the Spreading and Intensity of Interictal Epileptic Activity Are Associated with Visuo-Spatial Skills in Children with Self-Limited Focal Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pauline","family":"Dontaine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Queen Fabiola Children\u2019s University Hospital (HUDERF), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1020 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Coralie","family":"Rouge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Queen Fabiola Children\u2019s University Hospital (HUDERF), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1020 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles (LN2T), UNI-ULB Neurosciences Institute, H\u00f4pital Erasme, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charline","family":"Urbain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles (LN2T), UNI-ULB Neurosciences Institute, H\u00f4pital Erasme, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Galer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Queen Fabiola Children\u2019s University Hospital (HUDERF), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1020 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Speech Therapy, Queen Fabiola Children\u2019s University Hospital (HUDERF)-H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1020 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Raffoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BEAMS (Bio-, Electro- And Mechanical Systems), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0292-9588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Nonclercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BEAMS (Bio-, Electro- And Mechanical Systems), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8053-7577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorine","family":"Van Dyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Queen Fabiola Children\u2019s University Hospital (HUDERF), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1020 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Speech Therapy, Queen Fabiola Children\u2019s University Hospital (HUDERF)-H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1020 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Baijot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Queen Fabiola Children\u2019s University Hospital (HUDERF), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1020 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Speech Therapy, Queen Fabiola Children\u2019s University Hospital (HUDERF)-H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1020 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alec","family":"Aeby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Queen Fabiola Children\u2019s University Hospital (HUDERF), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1020 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences (CRCN), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17241","article-title":"International League Against Epilepsy Classification and Definition of Epilepsy Syndromes with Onset in Childhood: Position Paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions","volume":"63","author":"Specchio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2011.11.004","article-title":"Impact of Focal Interictal Epileptiform Discharges on Behaviour and Cognition in Children","volume":"42","author":"Urbain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. 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