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These viruses are known as neurotropic pathogens, characterized by their ability to infiltrate the CNS and thus interact with various cell populations, inducing several diseases. The immune response elicited by neurotropic viruses in the CNS is commanded mainly by microglia, which, together with other local cells, can secrete inflammatory cytokines to fight the infection. The most relevant neurotropic viruses are adenovirus (AdV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus (EV), Epstein\u2013Barr Virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2. Several studies have associated a viral infection with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) manifestations. This article will review the knowledge about viral infections, CNS pathologies, and the immune response against them. Also, it allows us to understand the relevance of the different viral proteins in developing neuronal pathologies, SLE and NPSLE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14010059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T06:12:58Z","timestamp":1704694378000},"page":"59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Felipe R.","family":"Uribe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina P. 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