{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:37:27Z","timestamp":1789659447014,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuralgic amyotrophy, also called Parsonage\u2013Turner syndrome, in its classic presentation is a brachial plexopathy or a multifocal neuropathy, involving mainly motor nerves of the upper limb with a monophasic course. Recently, a new radiological entity was described, the hourglass constriction, which is characterized by a very focal constriction of a nerve, or part of it, usually associated with nerve thickening proximally and distally to the constriction. Another condition, which is similar from a radiological point of view to hourglass constriction, is nerve torsion. The pathophysiology of neuralgic amyotrophy, hourglass constriction and nerve torsion is still poorly understood, and a generic role of inflammation is proposed for all these conditions. It is now widely accepted that nerve imaging is necessary in identifying hourglass constrictions\/nerve torsion pre-surgically in patients with an acute mononeuropathy\/plexopathy. Ultrasound and MRI are useful tools for diagnosis, and they are consistent with intraoperative findings. The prognosis is generally favorable after surgery, with a high rate of good motor recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14010067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T07:50:48Z","timestamp":1704873048000},"page":"67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Neuralgic Amyotrophy and Hourglass Nerve Constriction\/Nerve Torsion: Two Sides of the Same Coin? A Clinical Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Granata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Tomasello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1490-0320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ausilia","family":"Sciarrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Stifano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6463-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liverana","family":"Lauretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7539-505X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Luigetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Organi di Senso e Torace, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.01.001","article-title":"Challenging pain syndromes: Parsonage-Turner syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. 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