{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:55:31Z","timestamp":1778828131253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is a rare and challenging condition that results in tetraplegia and cranial nerve paralysis while maintaining consciousness and variable cognitive function. Once acute management is completed, it is important to work with the patient on developing a plan to maintain and improve their quality of life (QOL). A key component towards increasing or maintaining QOL within this population involves the establishment of a functional communication system. Evaluating cognition in patients with LIS is vital for evaluating patients\u2019 communication needs along with physical rehabilitation to maximize their QOL. In the past decade or so, there has been an increase in research surrounding brain\u2013computer interfaces to improve communication abilities for paralyzed patients. This article provides an update on the available technology and the protocol for finding the best way for patients with this condition to communicate. This article aims to increase knowledge of how to enhance and manage communication among LIS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14010092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T10:39:47Z","timestamp":1705487987000},"page":"92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Update on How to Approach a Patient with Locked-In Syndrome and Their Communication Ability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Voity","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute, Edison, NJ 08820, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessie P.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute, Edison, NJ 08820, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Greenwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute, Edison, NJ 08820, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6821-y","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of patients with classic locked-in syndrome in Dutch nursing homes","volume":"260","author":"Kohnen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"M Das, J., Anosike, K., and Asuncion, R.M.D. (2023, November 06). Locked-in Syndrome, StatPearls, Available online: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559026\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12555","article-title":"Locked-In Syndrome: Practical Rehabilitation Management","volume":"13","author":"Farr","year":"2021","journal-title":"PMR"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-015-0304-z","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with locked-in syndrome: Evolution over a 6-year period","volume":"10","author":"Rousseau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orphanet J. 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