{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T10:44:24Z","timestamp":1767869064996,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"US National Institutes of Health\/National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA039146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA039146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH Intramural Research Programs of NIDA and NIAAA","award":["R01DA039146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA039146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent data suggest that 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) has neurotoxic effects; however, the cognitive and neurochemical consequences of MDPV self-administration remain largely unexplored. Furthermore, despite the fact that drug preparations that contain MDPV often also contain caffeine, little is known regarding the toxic effects produced by the co-use of these two stimulants. The current study investigated the degree to which self-administered MDPV or a mixture of MDPV+caffeine can produce deficits in recognition memory and alter neurochemistry relative to prototypical stimulants. Male Sprague Dawley rats were provided 90 min or 12 h access to MDPV, MDPV+caffeine, methamphetamine, cocaine, or saline for 6 weeks. Novel object recognition (NOR) memory was evaluated prior to any drug self-administration history and 3 weeks after the final self-administration session. Rats that had 12 h access to methamphetamine and those that had 90 min or 12 h access to MDPV+caffeine exhibited significant deficits in NOR, whereas no significant deficits were observed in rats that self-administered cocaine or MDPV. Striatal monoamine levels were not systematically affected. These data demonstrate synergism between MDPV and caffeine with regard to producing recognition memory deficits, highlighting the importance of recapitulating the manner in which drugs are used (e.g., in mixtures containing multiple stimulants, binge-like patterns of intake).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14030258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T08:43:14Z","timestamp":1709714594000},"page":"258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impacts of Self-Administered 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Alone, and in Combination with Caffeine, on Recognition Memory and Striatal Monoamine Neurochemistry in Male Sprague Dawley Rats: Comparisons with Methamphetamine and Cocaine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert W.","family":"Seaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kariann","family":"Lamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Whitton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Latimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Sulima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenner C.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-0541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin S.","family":"Murnane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"Louisiana Addiction Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory T.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.11.020","article-title":"Psychoactive \u201cBath Salts\u201d: Not so 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