{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:09:05Z","timestamp":1765544945341,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantifying saccadic eye movements can assist in identifying dysfunctional brain networks in both healthy and diseased people. Infrared Oculography is a simple and non-invasive approach to capturing and quantifying saccades, providing information that might aid in diagnosis and outcome assessments. The effect of spinal manipulation on quantified saccadic performance parameters has not been fully studied despite known post-manipulative effects on the brain and brainstem regions controlling them. This case study investigates spinal manipulation\u2019s immediate and long-term effects on saccadic eye movements by quantifying the saccades of a male patient diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome. The patient performed horizontal saccades that were quantified before and immediately following cervical spinal manipulation both at the case study\u2019s start and following a 2-week interim, during which the subject received six manipulative treatments. Immediate and long-term post-manipulative effects were observed, and the results revealed various post-manipulative effects across all quantified parameters in addition to between right and leftward saccades. The immediate post-manipulative effect was greatest at the case study\u2019s onset, while the long-term right and leftward saccadic symmetry were most affected. The observations in this case study demonstrate that cervical spinal manipulation influences saccadic eye movements, providing new insights into its central neurological effects and therapeutic applications beyond its most commonly known use in pain management. More importantly, it encourages scientists to undertake further clinical investigations on wider scales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14030292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:04:12Z","timestamp":1710911052000},"page":"292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Cervical Spinal Manipulation on Saccadic Eye Movements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Klotzek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monem","family":"Jemni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health Research in Association, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2230-9063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shad James","family":"Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2818-6551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederick Robert","family":"Carrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health Research in Association, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK"},{"name":"Department of Health Professions Education, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA 02129, USA"},{"name":"Burnett School of Biomedical Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein, C., and Ettinger, U. 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