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Although oxygen is an essential constituent of maintaining brain functions, our understanding of how specific brain cell types globally respond and adapt to decreasing oxygen conditions is incomplete. In this study, we exposed mouse primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia to normoxia and two hypoxic conditions and obtained genome-wide transcriptional profiles of the treated cells. Analysis of differentially expressed genes under conditions of reduced oxygen revealed a canonical hypoxic response shared among different brain cell types. In addition, we observed a higher sensitivity of neurons to oxygen decline, and dissected cell type-specific biological processes affected by hypoxia. Importantly, this study establishes novel gene modules associated with brain cells responding to oxygen deprivation and reveals a state of profound stress incurred by hypoxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14040341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:39:37Z","timestamp":1711892377000},"page":"341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Transcriptional Responses of Different Brain Cell Types to Oxygen Decline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Camille","family":"Ravel-Godreuil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan R.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas N.","family":"Puttapaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5676-6473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger K.","family":"Eltzschig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8952-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1996.76.3.839","article-title":"Oxygen sensing and molecular adaptation to hypoxia","volume":"76","author":"Bunn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiol. 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