{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:45:05Z","timestamp":1791557105602,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that presents a deficit in accuracy and\/or fluency while reading or spelling that is not expected given the level of cognitive functioning. Research indicates brain structural changes mainly in the left hemisphere, comprising arcuate fasciculus (AF) and corona radiata (CR). The purpose of this systematic review is to better understand the possible methods for analyzing Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data while accounting for the characteristics of dyslexia in the last decade of the literature. Among 124 articles screened from PubMed and Scopus, 49 met inclusion criteria, focusing on dyslexia without neurological or psychiatric comorbidities. Article selection involved paired evaluation, with a third reviewer resolving discrepancies. The selected articles were analyzed using two topics: (1) a demographic and cognitive assessment of the sample and (2) DTI acquisition and analysis. Predominantly, studies centered on English-speaking children with reading difficulties, with preserved non-verbal intelligence, attention, and memory, and deficits in reading tests, rapid automatic naming, and phonological awareness. Structural differences were found mainly in the left AF in all ages and in the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus for readers-children and adults. A better understanding of structural brain changes of dyslexia and neuroadaptations can be a guide for future interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14040349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:39:37Z","timestamp":1711892377000},"page":"349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Investigating Dyslexia through Diffusion Tensor Imaging across Ages: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5000-1149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica em Neurorradiologia\u2014LIM44\u2014Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9618-7174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Yumi","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica em Neurorradiologia\u2014LIM44\u2014Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7361-9256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa Monteiro","family":"Dimateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica em Neurorradiologia\u2014LIM44\u2014Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0169-1531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia Fruchi","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Matem\u00e1tica, Computa\u00e7\u00e3o e Cogni\u00e7\u00e3o (CMCC), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-580, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aila Silveira","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Matem\u00e1tica, Computa\u00e7\u00e3o e Cogni\u00e7\u00e3o (CMCC), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-580, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1137-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Lukasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Matem\u00e1tica, Computa\u00e7\u00e3o e Cogni\u00e7\u00e3o (CMCC), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9 09210-580, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1502-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Penteado","family":"Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica em Neurorradiologia\u2014LIM44\u2014Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). 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