{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:08:00Z","timestamp":1791860880957,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IIBA, International Institute of Bioenergetics Analysis"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies highlight how body psychotherapy is becoming highly cited, especially in connection with studies on trauma-related disorders. This review highlights the theoretical assumptions and recent points in common with embodied simulation and new sensory theories by integrating bioenergetic analysis, embodiment, and olfactory memory in trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) therapy. Embodied memory, rooted in sensorimotor experiences, shapes cognitive functions and emotional responses. Trauma, embodied in somatic experiences, disrupts these processes, leading to symptoms such as chronic pain and dissociation. The literature discussed highlights the impact of burning odors on individuals with PTSD and those who have experienced childhood maltreatment. Burning odors can increase stress and heart rate in war veterans, with sensitivity to these odors intensifying over time since the trauma. Additionally, adults who experienced childhood maltreatment exhibit faster processing of unpleasant odors and increased symptom severity. Grounding techniques, such as adopting a balanced posture, enhance breathing and sensory capabilities, potentially aiding in managing symptoms associated with trauma-related disorders such as PTSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14040385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T11:13:02Z","timestamp":1713265982000},"page":"385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring Embodied and Bioenergetic Approaches in Trauma Therapy: Observing Somatic Experience and Olfactory Memory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0841-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Invitto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory on Psychophysiological and Cognitive Olfactory Processes, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"},{"name":"SIAB\u2014Societ\u00e0 Italiana Analisi Bioenergetica, 00183 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"IIBA International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis, 08670 Nav\u00e0s, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Moselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SIAB\u2014Societ\u00e0 Italiana Analisi Bioenergetica, 00183 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"IIBA International Institute for Bioenergetic Analysis, 08670 Nav\u00e0s, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3339","article-title":"Biological Studies of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"13","author":"Pitman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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