{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:29:42Z","timestamp":1788622182566,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council, United Kingdom","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/P006671\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/P006671\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is a novel technique to investigate cortical physiology in health and disease. The cerebellum has recently gained attention as a possible new hotspot in the field of TMS-EEG, with several reports published recently. However, EEG responses obtained by cerebellar stimulation vary considerably across the literature, possibly due to different experimental methods. Compared to conventional TMS-EEG, which involves stimulation of the cortex, cerebellar TMS-EEG presents some technical difficulties, including strong muscle twitches in the neck area and a loud TMS click when double-cone coils are used, resulting in contamination of responses by electromyographic activity and sensory potentials. Understanding technical difficulties and limitations is essential for the development of cerebellar TMS-EEG research. In this review, we summarize findings of cerebellar TMS-EEG studies, highlighting limitations in experimental design and potential issues that can result in discrepancies between experimental outcomes. Lastly, we propose a possible direction for academic and clinical research with cerebellar TMS-EEG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14050432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T09:26:02Z","timestamp":1714123562000},"page":"432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Past, Current and Future Research in Cerebellar TMS Evoked Responses\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6229-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Yu","family":"Fong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Medical School, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1367-6467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C.","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3979-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-015-0649-9","article-title":"The emotional cerebellum","volume":"14","author":"Strata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.09.023","article-title":"The cerebellum and emotional experience","volume":"45","author":"Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamaszek, M., Manto, M., and Schutter, D.J.L.G. 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