{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:06:33Z","timestamp":1760144793440,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reproducing instructed movements is crucial for practice in motor learning. In this study, we compared the short-term reproduction of active pelvis movements with visual feedback and passive movement with the therapist\u2019s hands in an upright stance. Sixteen healthy males (M age = 34.1; SD = 10.2 years) participated in this study. In one condition, healthy males maintained an upright stance while a physical therapist moved the participant\u2019s pelvis (passive movement instruction), and in a second condition, the participant actively moved their pelvis with visual feedback of the target and the online trajectory of the center of pressure (active movement instruction). Reproduction errors (displacement of the center of pressure in the medial\u2013lateral axis) 10 s after the passive movement instruction were significantly greater than after the active movement instruction (p &lt; 0.001), but this difference disappeared 30 s after the instruction (p = 0.118). Error of movement reproduction in the anterior\u2013posterior axis after the passive movement instruction was significantly greater than after the active movement instruction, no matter how long the retention interval was between the instruction and reproduction phases (p = 0.025). Taken together, active pelvis movements with visual feedback, rather than passive movement with the therapist\u2019s hand, is better to be used for instructing pelvis movements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:58:47Z","timestamp":1716458327000},"page":"531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short-Term Reproduction of Active Movement with Visual Feedback and Passive Movement with a Therapist\u2019s Hands"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Oda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Tsujinaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beets, I.A., Mac\u00e9, M., Meesen, R.L., Cuypers, K., Levin, O., and Swinnen, S.P. 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