{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:56:22Z","timestamp":1787907382485,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI22C0787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C0787"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Technology R&amp;D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI18C1216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI18C1216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI22C0787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C0787"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI18C1216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI18C1216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Research Fund","award":["HI22C0787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI22C0787"]}]},{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Research Fund","award":["HI18C1216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI18C1216"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gold standard test for diagnosing dysphagia is the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). However, the accuracy of this test varies depending on the specialist\u2019s skill level. We proposed a VFSS-based artificial intelligence (AI) web application to diagnose dysphagia. Video from the VFSS consists of multiframe data that contain approximately 300 images. To label the data, the server separated them into frames during the upload and stored them as a video for analysis. Then, the separated data were loaded into a labeling tool to perform the labeling. The labeled file was downloaded, and an AI model was developed by training with You Only Look Once (YOLOv7). Using a utility called SplitFolders, the entire dataset was divided according to a ratio of training (70%), test (10%), and validation (20%). When a VFSS video file was uploaded to an application equipped with the developed AI model, it was automatically classified and labeled as oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal. The dysphagia of a person was categorized as either penetration or aspiration, and the final analyzed result was displayed to the viewer. The following labeling datasets were created for the AI learning: oral (n = 2355), pharyngeal (n = 2338), esophageal (n = 1480), penetration (n = 1856), and aspiration (n = 1320); the learning results of the YOLO model, which analyzed dysphagia using the dataset, were predicted with accuracies of 0.90, 0.82, 0.79, 0.92, and 0.96, respectively. This is expected to help clinicians more efficiently suggest the proper dietary options for patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T10:12:27Z","timestamp":1716804747000},"page":"546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Development of an Artificial Intelligence Video Analysis-Based Web Application to Diagnose Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9305-4686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Won","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"STSC Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Smart Team, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Sub","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STSC Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Wook","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STSC Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Hyeong","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STSC Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Kyung","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Educational Innovation, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6031-009X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9954-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.T., Min, H.J., and Kim, H.J. 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Inform."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/6\/546\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:49:01Z","timestamp":1760107741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/6\/546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci14060546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14060546","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]}}}