{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:05:15Z","timestamp":1787313915485,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Spinal surgery, particularly for cervical pathologies such as myelopathy and radiculopathy, requires a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical skill. The complexity of these conditions, often necessitating surgical intervention, underscores the need for intricate understanding and precision in execution. Advancements in neurosurgical training, especially with the use of low-cost 3D models for simulating cervical spine tumor removal, are revolutionizing this field. These models provide the realistic and hands-on experience crucial for mastering complex neurosurgical techniques, filling gaps left by traditional educational methods. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of 3D-printed cervical vertebrae models in enhancing surgical skills, focusing on tumor removal, and involving 20 young neurosurgery residents. These models, featuring silicone materials to simulate the spinal cord and tumor tissues, provided a realistic training experience. The training protocol included a laminectomy, dural incision, and tumor resection, using a range of microsurgical tools, focusing on steps usually performed by senior surgeons. Results: The training program received high satisfaction rates, with 85% of participants extremely satisfied and 15% satisfied. The 3D models were deemed very realistic by 85% of participants, effectively replicating real-life scenarios. A total of 80% found that the simulated pathologies were varied and accurate, and 90% appreciated the models\u2019 accurate tactile feedback. The training was extremely useful for 85% of the participants in developing surgical skills, with significant post-training confidence boosts and a strong willingness to recommend the program to peers. Conclusions: Continuing laboratory training for residents is crucial. Our model offers essential, accessible training for all hospitals, regardless of their resources, promising improved surgical quality and patient outcomes across various pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T10:12:27Z","timestamp":1716804747000},"page":"547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Low-Cost 3D Models for Cervical Spine Tumor Removal Training for Neurosurgery Residents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Albert","family":"Sufianov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution the Federal Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 625062 Tyumen, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2918-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Salvador","family":"Ovalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National University of Mexico Hospital General, Durango 34030, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National University of Mexico Hospital General, Durango 34030, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8875-2551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National University of Mexico Hospital General, Durango 34030, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emir","family":"Begagi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zenica, 72000 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddarth","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR02AG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7611-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreina","family":"Rosario Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autonomous University of Santo Domingo (UASD), Santo Domingo 10103, Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennady","family":"Chmutin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, 121359 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garifullina Nargiza","family":"Askatovna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Institution the Federal Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 625062 Tyumen, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Lafuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Center Hospital del Mar, Sagrat Cor University Hospital, 08029 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Soriano","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Soriano de Cirug\u00eda de Columna M\u00ednimamente Invasiva at ABC Hospital, Neurological Center, Santa Fe Campus, Mexico City 05100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renat","family":"Nurmukhametov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCC No. 2 Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Russian Scientific Center Named after. Acad. B.V. Petrovsky (Central Clinical Hospital Russian Academy of Sciences), 121359 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel Eduardo","family":"Soto Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Angeles Villahermosa, Sante Fe, Mexico City 01210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Peev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Russian People\u2019s Friendship University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6123-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirza","family":"Pojski\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35033 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gervith","family":"Reyes-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck, Unidad de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6719-5522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismail","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Park Ankara Hospital, Kent Koop Mah 1868. 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