{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:14:18Z","timestamp":1790738058963,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rTMS in treating sleep disorders in PD. It included 24 patients with PD who had sleep disorders. Group allocations (active or sham with a ratio of 2:1) were placed in serially numbered closed envelopes. Each patient was evaluated with the following: MDS-UPDRS, Parkinson\u2019s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and polysomnography (PSG) before and 10 days after the treatment sessions. Each session consisted of 10 trains, 20 Hz, 10 sec for each, over the parietal cortex (bilaterally). Scores of UPDRS, BDI, and PDSS improved significantly in the active group but not in the sham group. The PSG data showed that sleep onset and rapid eye movement (REM) latencies (min), REM duration, and time spent awake (both as %TST) were improved after rTMS in the active group compared with the sham group. The number of awakenings, the wake-after-sleep onset index, the arousal index, and periodic leg movements (PLMs) were all significantly reduced in the active group but not in the sham group. Ten sessions of 20 Hz rTMS over parietal cortexes improved sleep quality and PLMs in patients with PD. The improvement in PSG and PDSS were correlated with improvements in UPDRS and BDI scores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T08:15:54Z","timestamp":1717056954000},"page":"556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Short-Term Therapeutic Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulations of Sleep Disorders in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Pilot Study)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5679-9833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman M.","family":"Khedr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5830-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gellan K.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ahmad","family":"Korayem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Ahmed Salah Hussain","family":"Elamary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assiut University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha M.","family":"El-kholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6045-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nourelhoda A.","family":"Haridy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000335701","article-title":"Epidemiological study and clinical profile of Parkinson\u2019s disease in the Assiut Governorate, Egypt: A community-based study","volume":"38","author":"Khedr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132815Y.0000000020","article-title":"Prevalence of Parkinsonism and Parkinson\u2019s disease in Qena governorate\/Egypt: A cross-sectional community-based survey","volume":"37","author":"Khedr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. 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