{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:22:27Z","timestamp":1790443347570,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite substantial progress in investigating its psychophysical complexity, tinnitus remains a scientific and clinical enigma. The present study, through an ecological and multidisciplinary approach, aims to identify associations between electroencephalographic (EEG) and psycho-audiological variables. Methods: EEG beta activity, often related to stress and anxiety, was acquired from 12 tinnitus patients (TIN group) and 7 controls (CONT group) during an audio cognitive task and at rest. We also investigated psychological (SCL-90-R; STAI-Y; BFI-10) and audiological (THI; TQ12-I; Hyperacusis) variables using non-parametric statistics to assess differences and relationships between and within groups. Results: In the TIN group, frontal beta activity positively correlated with hyperacusis, parietal activity, and trait anxiety; the latter is also associated with depression in CONT. Significant differences in paranoid ideation and openness were found between groups. Conclusions: The connection between anxiety trait, beta activity in the fronto-parietal cortices and hyperacusis provides insights into brain functioning in tinnitus patients, offering quantitative descriptions for clinicians and new multidisciplinary treatment hypotheses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T08:19:42Z","timestamp":1717402782000},"page":"570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Bridging the Gap between Psychophysiological and Audiological Factors in the Assessment of Tinnitus: An EEG Investigation in the Beta Band"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-0219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Maria Serena","family":"Inguscio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9912-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Giliberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Vozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8560-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Borghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-176X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Babiloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4824-9871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8953-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Attanasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Department, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1347-1306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Cartocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"BrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4003","article-title":"Tinnitus: Perspectives from human neuroimaging","volume":"16","author":"Elgoyhen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70160-1","article-title":"Tinnitus. Causes and clinical management","volume":"12","author":"Langguth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2020.12.002","article-title":"Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary proposal)","volume":"260","author":"Schlee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-017-0464-3","article-title":"Hyperacusis: Major research questions","volume":"66","author":"Baguley","year":"2018","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1590\/S2317-17822013000200014","article-title":"Prevalence of tinnitus complaints and probable association with hearing loss, diabetes mellitus and hypertension in elderly","volume":"25","author":"Gibrin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Codas"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-24976","article-title":"New thinking on hearing in noise: A generalized articulation index","volume":"23","author":"Killion","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sem. Hear."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"21","article-title":"recognition of speech of normal-hearing individuals with tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"15","author":"Hennig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"28","article-title":"The effect of tinnitus on some psychoacoustical abilities in individuals with normal hearing sensitivity","volume":"19","author":"Sahoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Tinnitus J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3109\/03005369009077842","article-title":"Predictors of tinnitus discomfort, adaptation and subjective loudness","volume":"24","author":"Scott","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102294","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1102294","article-title":"Audiological and psychological assessment of tinnitus patients with normal hearing","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2708","article-title":"Psychophysiological treatment of chronic tinnitus: A review","volume":"29","author":"Czornik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(02)00717-7","article-title":"Expanding the biological basis of tinnitus: Crossmodal origins and the role of neuroplasticity","volume":"175","author":"Cacace","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.12","article-title":"Maladaptive plasticity in tinnitus\u2014Triggers, mechanisms and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Shore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Rachman, S. (1984). Contributions to Medical Psychology, Pergamon."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2016.1198966","article-title":"Anxiety and depression, personality traits relevant to tinnitus: A scoping review","volume":"55","author":"Durai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"2331216520918416E15","article-title":"Associations between subjective tinnitus and cognitive performance: Systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"24","author":"Clarke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Hear."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.03.001","article-title":"Insomnia in patients with chronic tinnitus: Cognitive and emotional distress as moderator variables","volume":"83","author":"Cronlein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"S50","article-title":"Tinnitus and Influencing Comorbidities","volume":"102","author":"Mazurek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Laryngorhinootologie"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00225","article-title":"The relationship of tinnitus distress with personality traits: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Stegeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275560","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1275560","article-title":"Tinnitus-associated cognitive and psychological impairments: A comprehensive review meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00053","article-title":"Editorial: Towards an Understanding of Tinnitus Heterogeneity","volume":"11","author":"Cederroth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","author":"Baguley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00196","article-title":"A scientific cognitive-behavioral model of tinnitus: Novel conceptualizations of tinnitus distress","volume":"5","author":"McKenna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90031-9","article-title":"Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): Mechanisms of generation and perception","volume":"8","author":"Jastreboff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2022.08.009","article-title":"Neural substrates of tinnitus severity","volume":"181","author":"Czornik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/03655230600895226","article-title":"The role of cognition in tinnitus","volume":"126","author":"Andersson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050030","article-title":"Tinnitus impairs cognitive efficiency","volume":"43","author":"Hallam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.10.001","article-title":"The consequences of tinnitus and tinnitus severity on cognition: A review of the behavioural evidence","volume":"332","author":"Mohamad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2016.1185168","article-title":"The impact of tinnitus upon cognition in adults: A systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Bennett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1986.tb00708.x","article-title":"Performance correlates of self-reported cognitive failure and of obsessionality","volume":"25","author":"Broadbent","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2005.8.32","article-title":"Stroop facilitation in tinnitus patients: An experiment conducted via the world wide web","volume":"8","author":"Andersson","year":"2005","journal-title":"CyberPsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.12.006","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological functioning in chronic tinnitus","volume":"60","author":"Trevis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.01.027","article-title":"Involvement of cortico-subcortical circuits in normoacousic chronic tinnitus: A source localization EEG study","volume":"126","author":"Houdayer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlee, W., Hartmann, T., Langguth, B., and Weisz, N. (2009). Abnormal resting-state cortical coupling in chronic tinnitus. BMC Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-11"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schecklmann, M., Landgrebe, M., and Langguth, B. (2014). Phenotypic characteristics of hyperacusis in tinnitus. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086944"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, S.A., Akrofi, K., Carpenter-Thompson, J.R., and Husain, F.T. (2013). Default mode, dorsal attention and auditory resting state networks exhibit differential functional connectivity in tinnitus and hearing loss. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076488"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0135058100","article-title":"Functional connectivity in the resting brain: A network analysis of the default mode hypothesis","volume":"100","author":"Greicius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.05.052","article-title":"The default mode network and EEG alpha oscillations: An independent component analysis","volume":"1402","author":"Knyazev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00323","article-title":"Controversies and progress on standardization of large-scale brain network nomenclature","volume":"7","author":"Uddin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Netw. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133367","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1133367","article-title":"The role of the salience network in cognitive and affective deficits","volume":"17","author":"Schimmelpfennig","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.119964","article-title":"Subcortical contributions to salience network functioning during negative emotional processing","volume":"270","author":"Ince","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9803165","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9803165","article-title":"Functional integration between salience and central executive networks: A role for action video game experience","volume":"2016","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-023-00905-2","article-title":"Abnormal Functional Connectivity within Default Mode Network and Salience Network Related to Tinnitus Severity","volume":"24","author":"Xiong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2022.00815","article-title":"Tinnitus and the triple network model: A perspective","volume":"15","author":"Vanneste","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2013.07.010","article-title":"Using resting state functional connectivity to unravel networks of tinnitus","volume":"307","author":"Husain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2011.0055","article-title":"The brain as a complex system: Using network science as a tool for understanding the brain","volume":"1","author":"Telesford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003","article-title":"Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: A unifying triple network model","volume":"15","author":"Menon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.08.002","article-title":"Neurocognitive networks: Findings, models, and theory","volume":"36","author":"Meehan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5935\/0946-5448.20120027","article-title":"An electrophysiological approach to tinnitus interpretation","volume":"17","author":"Cartocci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Tinnitus J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00228","article-title":"The application of electro- and magneto-encephalography in tinnitus research\u2014Methods and interpretations","volume":"5","author":"Adjamian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlee, W., Langguth, B., De Ridder, D., Vanneste, S., Kleinjung, T., and M\u00f8ller, A.R. (2024). Textbook of Tinnitus, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35647-6"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2024.109007","article-title":"Two are better than one: Differences in cortical EEG patterns during auditory and visual verbal working memory processing between Unilateral and Bilateral Cochlear Implanted children","volume":"446","author":"Inguscio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inguscio, B.M.S., Cartocci, G., Sciaraffa, N., Nicastri, M., Giallini, I., Greco, A., Babiloni, F., and Mancini, P. (2022). Gamma-Band Modulation in Parietal Area as the Electroencephalographic Signature for Performance in Auditory\u2013Verbal Working Memory: An Exploratory Pilot Study in Hearing and Unilateral Cochlear Implant Children. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12101291"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/21695717.2022.2079325","article-title":"\u2018Musical effort\u2019 and \u2018musical pleasantness\u2019: A pilot study on the neurophysiological correlates of classical music listening in adults normal hearing and unilateral cochlear implant users","volume":"20","author":"Inguscio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hear. Balance Commun."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cartocci, G., Inguscio, B.M.S., Giorgi, A., Vozzi, A., Leone, C.A., Grassia, R., Di Nardo, W., Di Cesare, T., Fetoni, A.R., and Freni, F. (2023). Music in noise recognition: An EEG study of listening effort in cochlear implant users and normal hearing controls. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288461"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608156","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.608156","article-title":"Higher right hemisphere gamma band lateralization and suggestion of a sensitive period for vocal auditory emotional stimuli recognition in unilateral cochlear implant children: An EEG study","volume":"15","author":"Cartocci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00521","article-title":"EEG frequency bands in psychiatric disorders: A review of resting state studies","volume":"12","author":"Newson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11062-010-9111-2","article-title":"EEG Correlates of Anxiety and Emotional Stability in Adult Healthy Subjects","volume":"41","author":"Pavlenko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurophysiology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.015","article-title":"Beta-band oscillations\u2014Signaling the status quo?","volume":"20","author":"Engel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.10.004","article-title":"Motivation, emotion, and their inhibitory control mirrored in brain oscillations","volume":"31","author":"Knyazev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Chaitanya, M.N., Jayakkumar, S., Chong, E., and Yeow, C.H. (2017, January 11\u201315). A wearable, EEG-based massage headband for anxiety alleviation. Proceedings of the 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Jeju, Republic of Korea."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molina, E., Correa, \u00c1., Sanabria, D., and Jung, T.P. (2013, January 6\u20138). Tonic EEG dynamics during psychomotor vigilance task. Proceedings of the 2013 6th International IEEE\/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER), San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/NER.2013.6696200"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sciaraffa, N., Di Flumeri, G., Germano, D., Giorgi, A., Di Florio, A., Borghini, G., Vozzi, A., Ronca, V., Varga, R., and van Gasteren, M. (2022). Validation of a Light EEG-Based Measure for Real-Time Stress Monitoring during Realistic Driving. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12030304"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borghini, G., Aric\u00f2, P., Di Flumeri, G., and Babiloni, F. (2017). Industrial Neuroscience in Aviation: Evaluation of Mental States in Aviation Personnel, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58598-7"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronca, V., Martinez-Levy, A.C., Vozzi, A., Giorgi, A., Aric\u00f2, P., Capotorto, R., Borghini, G., Babiloni, F., and Di Flumeri, G. (2023). Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.0378.v1"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanhollebeke, G., De Smet, S., De Raedt, R., Baeken, C., van Mierlo, P., and Vanderhasselt, M.A. (2022). The neural correlates of psychosocial stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of spectral analysis EEG studies. Neurobiol. Stress., 18.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2022.100452"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2019.2927337","article-title":"Review on psychological stress detection using biosignals","volume":"13","author":"Giannakakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/15500594221150213","article-title":"EEG Asymmetry Characteristics in Relation to Childhood Anxiety Subtypes: A Dimensional Approach","volume":"55","author":"Shanok","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. EEG Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.08.010","article-title":"The neuroscience of tinnitus","volume":"27","author":"Eggermont","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8075","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018466108","article-title":"Phantom percepts: Tinnitus and pain as persisting aversive memory networks","volume":"108","author":"Elgoyhen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.09.010","article-title":"Neural networks of tinnitus in humans: Elucidating severity and habituation","volume":"334","author":"Husain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131979","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1131979","article-title":"The association between stress, emotional states, and tinnitus: A mini-review","volume":"15","author":"Patil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Searchfield, G.D., and Zhang, J. (2021). The Behavioral Neuroscience of Tinnitus. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85503-1"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-023-00914-1","article-title":"Review and Perspective on Brain Bases of Tinnitus","volume":"24","author":"Husain","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2009.06.009","article-title":"Neural activity underlying tinnitus generation: Results from PET and fMRI","volume":"255","author":"Lanting","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cartocci, G., Inguscio, B.M.S., Giliberto, G., Vozzi, A., Giorgi, A., Greco, A., Babiloni, F., and Attanasio, G. (2023). Listening Effort in Tinnitus: A Pilot Study Employing a Light EEG Headset and Skin Conductance Assessment during the Listening to a Continuous Speech Stimulus under Different SNR Conditions. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13071084"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890140029007","article-title":"Development of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory","volume":"122","author":"Newman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"126","article-title":"Validity of the Italian adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory; focus on quality of life and psychological distress in tinnitus-sufferers","volume":"28","author":"Monzani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00065","article-title":"Validation of the Italian Tinnitus Questionnaire Short Form (TQ 12-I) as a Brief Test for the Assessment of Tinnitus-Related Distress: Results of a Cross-Sectional Multicenter-Study","volume":"9","author":"Moschen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1159\/000067570","article-title":"Psychometric Normalization of a Hyperacusis Questionnaire","volume":"64","author":"Khalfa","year":"2002","journal-title":"ORL"},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"201","article-title":"Pathophysiology of tinnitus: A special case\u2014Hyperacusis and a proposed treatment","volume":"8","author":"Vernon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Otol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2012.743043","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity and personality traits in patients with hyperacusis","volume":"52","author":"Andersson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2012.664290","article-title":"Self-reported and behavioral sound avoidance in tinnitus and hyperacusis subjects, and association with anxiety ratings","volume":"51","author":"Blaesing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.367","article-title":"An Exploratory Study of the Effect of Tinnitus on Listening Effort Using EEG and Pupillometry","volume":"169","author":"Sendesen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00778.x","article-title":"Cognitive variables in tinnitus annoyance","volume":"27","author":"Hallam","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"110","article-title":"Validity of the Italian version of Khalfa\u2019s questionnaire on hyperacusis","volume":"35","author":"Fioretti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.12.006","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the SCL-90-R: A study on a large community sample","volume":"27","author":"Prunas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"Derogatis, L.R. (1994). Symptom Checklist-90-R: Administration, Scoring and Procedures Manual, National Computer Systems. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S49425","article-title":"Tinnitus: Clinical experience of the psychosomatic connection","volume":"10","author":"Bersani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spielberger, C.D. (1984). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: A Comprehensive Bibliography, Consulting Psychologists Press.","DOI":"10.1037\/t06496-000"},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"Pedrabissi, L., and Santinello, M. (1989). Verifica Della Validit\u00e0 Dello STAI Forma Y di Spielberger, Giunti Organizzazioni Speciali. Verification of the validity of the STA."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256291","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1256291","article-title":"Cognitive Functioning and Psychosomatic Syndromes in a Subjective Tinnitus Sample","volume":"14","author":"Gasparre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.22761","article-title":"School wellbeing and psychological characteristics of online learning in families of children with and without hearing loss during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"60","author":"Inguscio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychol. Sch."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68427-y","article-title":"The electrophysiology correlation of the cognitive bias in anxiety under uncertainty","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-0984(200009\/10)14:5<463::AID-PER393>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"A cognitive approach to trait anxiety","volume":"14","author":"Eysenck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pers."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soeter, M., and Kindt, M. (2013). High trait anxiety: A challenge for disrupting fear memory reconsolidation. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075239"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.11.053","article-title":"An Italian Version of the 10-Item Big Five Inventory: An Application to Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Values","volume":"76","author":"Guido","year":"2015","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.02.001","article-title":"Measuring Personality in One Minute or Less: A 10-Item Short Version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German","volume":"41","author":"Rammstedt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Res. Pers."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00527-7","article-title":"The five percent electrode system for high-resolution EEG and ERP measurements","volume":"112","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Flumeri, G., Aric\u00f2, P., Borghini, G., Colosimo, A., and Babiloni, F. (2016, January 16\u201320). A new regression-based method for the eye blinks artifacts correction in the EEG signal, without using any EOG channel. Proceedings of the 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2016.7591406"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunner, C., Delorme, A., and Makeig, S. (2013). Eeglab\u2014An Open Source Matlab Toolbox for Electrophysiological Research. Biomed. Eng., 58.","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2013-4182"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9051","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45333-6","article-title":"EEG Decoding Reveals the Strength and Temporal Dynamics of Goal-Relevant Representations","volume":"9","author":"Hubbard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00056-3","article-title":"EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: A review and analysis","volume":"29","author":"Klimesch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01128870","article-title":"Global field power and topographic similarity","volume":"3","author":"Skrandies","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Flumeri, G., Giorgi, A., Germano, D., Ronca, V., Vozzi, A., Borghini, G., Tamborra, L., Simonetti, I., Capotorto, R., and Ferrara, S. (2023). A Neuroergonomic Approach Fostered by Wearable EEG for the Multimodal Assessment of Drivers Trainees. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23208389"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117281","article-title":"Semantics-weighted lexical surprisal modeling of naturalistic functional MRI time-series during spoken narrative listening","volume":"222","author":"Russo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158580","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4158580","article-title":"Neurophysiological Verbal Working Memory Patterns in Children: Searching for a Benchmark of Modality Differences in Audio\/Video Stimuli Processing","volume":"2021","author":"Inguscio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"63","article-title":"Bisyllabic words for speech audiometry: A new italian material","volume":"13","author":"Turrini","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2019.04.011","article-title":"EEG rhythms lateralization patterns in children with unilateral hearing loss are different from the patterns of normal hearing controls during speech-in-noise listening","volume":"379","author":"Cartocci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hear. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.684398","article-title":"The Mozart effect in patients suffering from tinnitus","volume":"132","author":"Attanasio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591","article-title":"An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samp)","volume":"52","author":"Shapiro","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref_112","first-page":"41","article-title":"On a Test of Whether One of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger Than the Other","volume":"13","author":"Mann","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Stat. Comput. Simul."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acharya, M.S., Armaan, A., and Antony, A.S. (2019, January 21\u201323). A comparison of regression models for prediction of graduate admissions. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Data Science (ICCIDS), Chennai, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCIDS.2019.8862140"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.193662","article-title":"Biostatistics Series Module 6: Correlation and Linear Regression","volume":"61","author":"Hazra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2018.1432902","article-title":"Personality traits predict and moderate the outcome of Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for chronic tinnitus","volume":"57","author":"Weise","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Audiol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66020-8","article-title":"Tinnitus severity, depression, and the big five personality traits","volume":"166","author":"Langguth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2014.05.031","article-title":"Systematic review of evidence on the association between personality and tinnitus","volume":"80","author":"Mucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-017-9502-2","article-title":"The role of questioning environment, personality traits, depressive and anxiety symptoms in tinnitus severity perception","volume":"88","author":"Strumila","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Q."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.12973\/ijem.8.4.625","article-title":"Number of Response Options, Reliability, Validity, and Potential Bias in the Use of the Likert Scale Education and Social Science Research: A Literature Review","volume":"8","author":"Kusmaryono","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Educ. Methodol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, J.A., and Bernieri, F.J. (2001). Interpersonal Sensitivity: Theory and Measurement, Psychology Press.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410600424"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S407430","article-title":"How Interpersonal Sensitivity Affects Depression under the COVID-19 Lockdown among College Students in South China: A Moderated Mediation Model","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Res. Behav. Manag."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26107","article-title":"Relationships between tinnitus and the prevalence of anxiety and depression","volume":"127","author":"Bhatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.11.036","article-title":"Questionnaires to evaluate anxiety and depressive levels in tinnitus patients","volume":"140","author":"Crocetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Otolaryngol.\u2014Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101928","article-title":"Specificity of trait anxiety in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","volume":"82","author":"Knowles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L.C., Chung, K.K.H., and Jhuo, R.A. (2024). The relationships among working memory, state anxiety, and academic performance in Chinese undergraduates with SLD. Read. Writ., 1\u201322.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-024-10520-z"},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"3458","article-title":"Impact of anxiety on self-esteem, self-concept and academic achievement among adolescent","volume":"20","author":"Nawaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elem. Educ. Online"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2005.33.1.95","article-title":"Academic achievement and its relationship with anxiety, self-esteem, optimism, and pessimism in Kuwaiti students","volume":"33","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Personal. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2013(04)12","article-title":"Cortical activity in tinnitus patients and its modification by phonostimulation","volume":"68","author":"Wierzchowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moazami-Goudarzi, M., Michels, L., Weisz, N., and Jeanmonod, D. (2010). Temporo-insular enhancement of EEG low and high frequencies in patients with chronic tinnitus. QEEG study of chronic tinnitus patients. BMC Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-40"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07793.x","article-title":"The neural network of phantom sound changes over time: A comparison between recent-onset and chronic tinnitus patients","volume":"34","author":"Vanneste","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01749.x","article-title":"Listen to the noise: Noise is beneficial for cognitive performance in ADHD","volume":"48","author":"Smart","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"121","article-title":"Quantitative electroencephalography power analysis in subjective idiopathic tinnitus patients: A clinical paradigm shift in the understanding of tinnitus, an electrophysiological correlate","volume":"12","author":"Shulman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Tinnitus J."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2022.0274","article-title":"Clinical Findings That Differentiate Co-Occurrence of Hyperacusis and Tinnitus from Tinnitus Alone","volume":"63","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.11.006","article-title":"Beta band oscillations engagement in human alertness process","volume":"85","author":"Brzezicka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_135","unstructured":"Kropotov, J.D. (2010). Quantitative EEG, Event-Related Potentials and Neurotherapy, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vozzi, A., Martinez Levy, A., Ronca, V., Giorgi, A., Ferrara, S., Mancini, M., Capotorto, R., Cherubino, P., Trettel, A., and Babiloni, F. (2023). Time-Dependent Analysis of Human Neurophysiological Activities during an Ecological Olfactory Experience. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091242"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(86)90004-4","article-title":"Worry: An electrocortical analysis","volume":"8","author":"Carter","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv. Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459608986710","article-title":"Massage therapy reduces anxiety and enhances EEG pattern of alertness and math computations","volume":"86","author":"Field","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02284691","article-title":"Topographic EEG mapping of the relaxation response","volume":"21","author":"Jacobs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biofeedback Self-Regul."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199408000-00015","article-title":"State anxiety reduction and exercise: Does hemispheric activation reflect such changes?","volume":"26","author":"Petruzzello","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625321","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.625321","article-title":"A critical review of cranial electrotherapy stimulation for neuromodulation in clinical and non-clinical samples","volume":"15","author":"Patterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borghini, G., Giorgi, A., Ronca, V., Mezzadri, L., Capotorto, R., Aric\u00f2, P., Di Flumeri, G., and Babiloni, F. (2023, January 20\u201322). Cooperation and mental states neurophysiological assessment for pilots\u2019 training and expertise evaluation. Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Workshop on Technologies for Defense and Security (TechDefense), Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/TechDefense59795.2023.10380910"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.161","article-title":"The associations of interpersonal sensitivity with mental distress and trait aggression in early adulthood: A prospective cohort study","volume":"272","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langguth, B., de Ridder, D., Schlee, W., and Kleinjung, T. (2024). Tinnitus: Clinical Insights in Its Pathophysiology\u2014A Perspective. J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol., 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-024-00939-0"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002472","article-title":"Systematic review and network meta-analysis of cognitive and\/or behavioral therapies (CBT) for tinnitus","volume":"41","author":"Landry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"253","article-title":"Efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for people with subjective tinnitus in reducing the symptom and related consequences: A systematic review from 2010 to 2020","volume":"74","author":"Barrenechea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/6\/570\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:52:49Z","timestamp":1760107969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/6\/570"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"references-count":146,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci14060570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14060570","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]}}}