{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:18:49Z","timestamp":1767925129182,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depression is clinically diagnosed when a defined constellation of symptoms manifests over a specific duration with notable severity. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by the presence of five or more symptoms persisting for at least two weeks. As a profound mental health condition affecting millions globally, depression presents a considerable challenge for researchers and clinicians alike. In pediatric and adolescent populations, depression can precipitate adverse outcomes, including substance abuse, academic difficulties, risky sexual behaviors, physical health problems, impaired social relationships, and a markedly elevated risk of suicide\u2014up to thirty times higher than the general population. This paper details a study that evaluated the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) alone vs. CBT combined with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in a treatment program. The study cohort comprised sixteen (16) children and adolescents diagnosed with depression (eight males and eight females) and sixteen (16) typically developing peers (eight males and eight females) aged from 9 to 15 years (Mean age = 11.94, standard deviation = 2.02). Initial assessments employed Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), the Children\u2019s Depression Inventory (CDI), and reaction time measurements. The results reveal that participants with depression exhibit cognitive deficits in attention and memory, as evidenced by prolonged P300 latencies. Following intervention with either CBT alone or CBT combined with medication, the depressed participants demonstrated significant improvements, evidenced by lower CDI scores, reduced P300 latencies, and faster reaction times, both compared to their pre-treatment status and relative to the control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14070660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T11:33:53Z","timestamp":1719920033000},"page":"660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differences in Children and Adolescents with Depression before and after a Remediation Program: An Event-Related Potential Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8348-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos C.","family":"Zygouris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Neuropsychological Assessment Laboratory, Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0559-2","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cognitive functions in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder","volume":"24","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01682.x","article-title":"Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression?","volume":"47","author":"Erkanli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2513","article-title":"Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence?","volume":"9","author":"Paus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018). Adolescent Mental Health in the European Region: Factsheet for World Mental Health Day 2018, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.2482","article-title":"Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19: A meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Racine","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"187","article-title":"Cognitive impairments and depression: A critical review","volume":"43","author":"Vives","year":"2015","journal-title":"Actas Esp. Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.11.011","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in the remitted state of unipolar depressive disorder: A systematic review","volume":"134","author":"Hasselbalch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712002085","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in euthymic major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Bora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01479-5","article-title":"Neurocognitive deficits in depression: A systematic review of cognitive impairment in the acute and remitted state","volume":"273","author":"Kriesche","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.09.025","article-title":"Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: From animal models to human behavior","volume":"48","author":"Phelps","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64150-2.00022-8","article-title":"Social cognition","volume":"Volume 173","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.104","article-title":"Neurocircuitry of mood disorders","volume":"35","author":"Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25138","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008004117","article-title":"Convergent molecular, cellular, and cortical neuroimaging signatures of major depressive disorder","volume":"117","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.06.018","article-title":"Illness progression, recent stress, and morphometry of hippocampal subfields and medial prefrontal cortex in major depression","volume":"77","author":"Treadway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahrweiler, N., Santana-Gonzalez, C., Zhang, N., Quandt, G., Ashtiani, N., Liu, G., Engstrom, M., Schultz, E., Liengswangwong, R., and Teoh, J.Y. (2022). Neural activity associated with symptoms change in depressed adolescents following self-processing neurofeedback. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12091128"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00056","article-title":"Global connectivity of the fronto-parietal cognitive control network is related to depression symptoms in the general population","volume":"3","author":"Schultz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Netw. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.23","article-title":"Discovering imaging endophenotypes for major depression","volume":"16","author":"Hasler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wartchow, K.M., Scaini, G., and Quevedo, J. (2023). Glial-Neuronal Interaction in Synapses: A Possible Mechanism of the Pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder. Neuroinflammation, Gut-Brain Axis and Immunity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Springer Nature Singapore.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-7376-5_9"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.03.007","article-title":"Serotonin and neuroplasticity\u2013links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression","volume":"77","author":"Kraus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, X., and Zhu, G. (2020). Associations among monoamine neurotransmitter pathways, personality traits, and major depressive disorder. Front. Psychiatry, 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00381"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"118","article-title":"Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in prognosis, diagnosis and rehabilitation of children with dyslexia","volume":"48","author":"Karapetsas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Encephalos"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2014.01.015","article-title":"The clinical utility of the auditory P300 latency subcomponent event-related potential in preclinical diagnosis of patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"86","author":"Howe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.019","article-title":"Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b","volume":"118","author":"Polich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210001250","article-title":"Electrophysiological changes in late life depression and their relation to structural brain changes","volume":"23","author":"Ashton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.07.022","article-title":"Utility of event-related potentials in predicting antidepressant treatment response: An iSPOT-D report","volume":"25","author":"Arns","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940703800314","article-title":"Scalp-recorded auditory P300 event-related potentials in new-onset untreated temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"38","author":"Chayasirisobhon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. EEG Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00165-1","article-title":"Auditory event related potentials in major depression: Prolonged P300 latency and increased P200 amplitude","volume":"48","author":"Vandoolaeghe","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.01.006","article-title":"Abnormal asymmetry of N200 and P300 event-related potentials in subclinical depression","volume":"92","author":"Sumich","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.02.005","article-title":"Event-related potential based evidence of cognitive dysfunction in patients during the first episode of depression using a novelty oddball task","volume":"182","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-6748.181726","article-title":"P300 latency as an indicator of severity in major depressive disorder","volume":"24","author":"Tripathi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Psychiatry J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, K.I., Kim, S., Kim, S.Y., Lee, C., and Chae, J.H. (2021). Machine learning-based electroencephalographic phenotypes of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Front. Psychiatry, 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.745458"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2024.2321554","article-title":"P300 parameters in major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Orhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.003","article-title":"Auditory event-related potentials in separating patients with depressive disorders and non-depressed controls: A narrative review","volume":"179","author":"Kangas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2018.1478991","article-title":"Abnormalities in P300 components in depression: An ERP-sLORETA study","volume":"73","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nord. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Li, C., Peng, D., Wu, Y., and Fang, Y. (2023). P300 event-related potentials in patients with different subtypes of depressive disorders. Front. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1021365"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15956","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43132-8","article-title":"Cognitive load associates prolonged P300 latency during target stimulus processing in individuals with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Demirayak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_214_21","article-title":"Comparative change in P300 indices following antidepressant treatment in patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"31","author":"Wakode","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Psychiatry J."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90124-4","article-title":"The P300 ERP component: An index of cognitive dysfunction in depression?","volume":"31","author":"Sara","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S448312","article-title":"Synapse-Related Serum and P300 Biomarkers Predict the Occurrence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Depression","volume":"20","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103545","article-title":"Contributions from neuroscience to the practice of Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Translational psychological science in service of good practice","volume":"125","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120510","article-title":"Unraveling how the adolescent brain deals with criticism using dynamic causal modeling","volume":"286","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.092","article-title":"Psychological predictors of cognitive-behavioral therapy outcomes for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"278","author":"Kunas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000749","article-title":"Updates in treatment of depression in children and adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Hazell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Beck, A.T. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression, Guilford Press."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"20150080","article-title":"Effectiveness of group CBT in treating adolescents with depression symptoms: A critical review","volume":"29","author":"Nardi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199801000-00013","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy of depression and depressive symptoms during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Reinecke","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.20.1.25.24843","article-title":"A universal prevention trial of anxiety symptomology during childhood: Results at 1-year follow-up","volume":"20","author":"Barrett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Chang."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"9","article-title":"American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"167","author":"Gelenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-023-01054-z","article-title":"Neural predictors of improvement with cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with depression: An examination of reward responsiveness and emotion regulation","volume":"51","author":"Dickey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Child. Adolesc. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000945","article-title":"Abnormalities of P300 before and after antidepressant treatment in depression: An ERP-sLORETA study","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12587","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.17m11836","article-title":"Neural responsiveness to reward as an index of depressive symptom change following cognitive-behavioral therapy and SSRI treatment","volume":"79","author":"Burkhouse","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.07.038","article-title":"Treatment effects of serotonergic and noradrenergic antidepressants on the intensity dependence of auditory ERP components in major depression","volume":"463","author":"Linka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zygouris, N.C., Vlachos, F., and Stamoulis, G.I. (2022). ERPs in Children and Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Before and after an Intervention Program. Brain Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12091174"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00477-3","article-title":"P300 changes in major depressive disorders with and without psychotic features","volume":"73","author":"Karaaslan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v11.i5.153","article-title":"Use of cognitive event-related potentials in the management of psychiatric disorders: Towards an individual follow-up and multi-component clinical approach","volume":"11","author":"Campanella","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-009-0005-z","article-title":"Screening for children\u2019s depression symptoms in Greece: The use of the Children\u2019s Depression Inventory in a nation-wide school-based sample","volume":"18","author":"Giannakopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolaitis, G., Zaravinos-Tsakos, F., Rokas, I.M., Syros, I., Tsakali, A., Belivanaki, M., and Giannakopoulos, G. (2023). Navigating young minds: Reliability and validity of the Greek version of kiddie\u2013schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia\u2013present and lifetime DSM-5 version (K-SADS-PL-GR-5). BMC Psychiatry, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05076-1"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12639","article-title":"How to get statistically significant effects in any ERP experiment (and why you shouldn\u2019t)","volume":"54","author":"Luck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"371","article-title":"Ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation","volume":"10","author":"Jasper","year":"1958","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14052","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14052","article-title":"Recommendations and publication guidelines for studies using frequency domain and time-frequency domain analyses of neural time series","volume":"59","author":"Keil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3720127","article-title":"Guidelines for using human event-related potentials to study cognition: Recording standards and publication criteria","volume":"37","author":"Picton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.318","article-title":"Differences in brain activity of children with higher mental abilities. An Event Related Potentials study using the latency of P300 and N100 waveforms","volume":"47","author":"Zygouris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"235","article-title":"Differences in dyslexic students before and after a remediation program: A clinical neuropsychological and event related potential study. Applied Neuropsychology","volume":"7","author":"Zygouris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168801200410","article-title":"Set correlation and contingency tables","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.5765\/jkacap.230052","article-title":"Standardized Treatment and Shortened Depression Course can Reduce Cognitive Impairment in Adolescents With Depression","volume":"35","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Korean Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.02.045","article-title":"Genetic determinants of target and novelty-related event-related potentials in the auditory oddball response","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.02.002","article-title":"Dopaminergic mechanisms of target detection\u2014P300 event related potential and striatal dopamine","volume":"194","author":"Pogarell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.4.510","article-title":"Decision making, the P3, and the locus coeruleus\u2014Norepinephrine system","volume":"131","author":"Nieuwenhuis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyx056","article-title":"Dopamine system dysregulation in major depressive disorders","volume":"20","author":"Belujon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.037","article-title":"Specificity and overlap of attention and memory biases in depression","volume":"225","author":"Marchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(87)90149-1","article-title":"Electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of psychomotor responsivity in depression","volume":"22","author":"Knott","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2007.08.014","article-title":"Action monitoring in major depressive disorder with psychomotor retardation","volume":"44","author":"Schrijvers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(81)90026-0","article-title":"The relationship between P3-latency and reaction time in depression","volume":"13","author":"Giedke","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.01.004","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy versus other therapies: Redux","volume":"33","author":"Baardseth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-014-9599-7","article-title":"Specificity of CBT for depression: A contribution from multiple treatments meta-analyses","volume":"38","author":"Honyashiki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cogn. Ther. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.07.003","article-title":"Clinical relevance of findings in trials of CBT for depression","volume":"45","author":"Lepping","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.12.008","article-title":"Effectiveness of CBT for children and adolescents with depression: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"57","author":"Oud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00250-X","article-title":"Auditory P300 event related potential and serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients","volume":"101","author":"Sanz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) Team (2009). The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Outcomes over 1 year of naturalistic follow-up. Am. J. Psychiatry, 166, 1141\u20131149.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08111620"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-5597(98)00024-0","article-title":"Visual cognitive dysfunction in depression: An event-related potential study","volume":"108","author":"Bange","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol.\/Evoked Potentials Sect."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.047","article-title":"Combining selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy in youth with depression and anxiety","volume":"298","author":"Strawn","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kannen, K., Aslan, B., Boetzel, C., Herrmann, C.S., Lux, S., Rosen, H., Selaskowski, B., Wiebe, A., Philipsen, A., and Braun, N. (2022). P300 modulation via transcranial alternating current stimulation in adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: A crossover study. Front. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.928145"}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/7\/660\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:07:20Z","timestamp":1760108840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/7\/660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci14070660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14070660","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]]}}}