{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T07:52:27Z","timestamp":1769759547644,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cognitive impairment is common in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and occurs through multiple mechanisms, including Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) pathology and the involvement of \u03b1-synucleinopathies. We aimed to investigate the pathological biomarkers of both PD and AD in plasma and neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their association with different types of cognitive impairment in PD patients. Methods: A total of 122 patients with PD and 30 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional cohort study between March 2021 and July 2023. Non-dementia PD patients were divided into amnestic and non-amnestic groups according to the memory domain of a neuropsychological assessment. Plasma and neuronal EV biomarkers, including \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1-syn), beta-amyloid (A\u03b2), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were measured using a single-molecule array and a chemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively. Results: Neuronal EV but not plasma \u03b1-syn levels, were significantly increased in PD as compared to healthy controls, and they were positively associated with UPDRS part III scores and the severity of cognitive impairment. A lower plasma A\u03b242 level and higher neuronal EV T-tau level were found in the amnestic PD group compared to the non-amnestic PD group. Conclusions: The results of the current study demonstrate that neuronal EV \u03b1-syn levels can be a sensitive biomarker for assisting in the diagnosis and disease severity prediction of PD. Both AD and PD pathologies are important factors in cognitive impairment associated with PD, and AD pathologies are more involved in amnestic memory deficit in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14080787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T13:14:42Z","timestamp":1722604482000},"page":"787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Related Biomarkers Were Associated with Amnestic Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingrong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The People\u2019s Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guozhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease Cloud Medical Technology Company, Beijing 100055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lichun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanning","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biobank and Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baolei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erhe","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piu","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305277","article-title":"The Cam-PaIGN study of Parkinson\u2019s disease: 10-year outlook in an incident population-based cohort","volume":"84","author":"Mason","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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