{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:04:43Z","timestamp":1788347083856,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARG-NTF-22-972518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG-NTF-22-972518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegeneration occurs naturally as humans age, but the presence of additional pathogenic mechanisms yields harmful and consequential effects on the brain. Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a composite of such factors. Despite extensive research to identify the exact causes of AD, therapeutic approaches for treating the disease continue to be ineffective, indicating important gaps in our understanding of disease mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an endogenous class of regulatory RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, involved in various regulatory networks, whose dysregulation is evident in several neural and extraneural diseases. LncRNAs are ubiquitously expressed across all tissues with a wide range of functions, including controlling cell differentiation and development, responding to environmental stimuli, and other physiological processes. Several lncRNAs have been identified as potential contributors in worsening neurodegeneration due to altered regulation during abnormal pathological conditions. Within neurological disease, lncRNAs are prime candidates for use as biomarkers and pharmacological targets. Gender-associated lncRNA expression is altered in a gender-dependent manner for AD, suggesting more research needs to be focused on this relationship. Overall, research on lncRNAs and their connection to neurodegenerative disease is growing exponentially, as commercial enterprises are already designing and employing RNA therapeutics. In this review we offer a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the role of lncRNAs in AD and discuss the potential implications of lncRNA as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14080818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T09:29:41Z","timestamp":1723714181000},"page":"818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Association between Long Non-Coding RNAs and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carson M.","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6378-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneliesse A.","family":"Braden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Nasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Oncology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4679-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Moshahid","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"},{"name":"Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1463","DOI":"10.1002\/wrna.1463","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Idda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. RNA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.284990","article-title":"Recent advances on the role of long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Doxtater","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666160622112234","article-title":"The Long Non-Coding RNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Novel Mechanisms of Pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Riva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180141","article-title":"Differences Between Women and Men in Incidence Rates of Dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"64","author":"Beam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2024.03.008","article-title":"The roles of long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis, treatment, and their involvement in Alzheimer\u2019s disease immune responses","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canoy, R.J., Sy, J.C., Deguit, C.D., Castro, C.B., Dimaapi, L.J., Panlaqui, B.G., Perian, W., Yu, J., Velasco, J.M., and Sevilleja, J.E. (2024). Non-coding RNAs involved in the molecular pathology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review. Front. Neurosci., 18.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1421675"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ilieva, M.S. (2024). Non-Coding RNAs in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Unraveling the Hidden Players in Disease Pathogenesis. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13121063"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00566-8","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs: Definitions, functions, challenges and recommendations","volume":"24","author":"Mattick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.385850","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs with essential roles in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"19","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2022.01.008","article-title":"The potential of long noncoding RNA therapies","volume":"43","author":"Mercer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchese, F.P., Raimondi, I., and Huarte, M. (2017). The multidimensional mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function. Genome Biol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1348-2"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00315-9","article-title":"Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions","volume":"22","author":"Statello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101425","article-title":"The neurobiology of non-coding RNAs and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis: Pathways, mechanisms and translational opportunities","volume":"71","author":"Lauretti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.02.008","article-title":"Roles of lncRNAs in brain development and pathogenesis: Emerging therapeutic opportunities","volume":"31","author":"Srinivas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02002-6","article-title":"Roles of long noncoding RNAs in human inflammatory diseases","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1784","article-title":"Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of beta-secretase","volume":"14","author":"Faghihi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205016666190725130134","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNA MALAT1 Inhibits Neuron Apoptosis and Neuroinflammation While Stimulates Neurite Outgrowth and Its Correlation With MiR-125b Mediates PTGS2, CDK5 and FOXQ1 in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.05.023","article-title":"Identification of age- and gender-associated long noncoding RNAs in the human brain with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"81","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150813142956","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, L., Liao, Y.T., He, J.C., Xie, C.L., Chen, S.Y., Fan, H.H., Su, Z.P., and Wang, Z. (2018). Plasma long non-coding RNA BACE1 as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. BMC Neurol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-1008-x"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"772","article-title":"Plasma lncRNA profiling identified BC200 and NEAT1 lncRNAs as potential blood-based biomarkers for late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Khodayi","year":"2022","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00662-1","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics","volume":"25","author":"Nemeth","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira Fernandes, D., Bitar, M., Jacobs, F.M.J., and Barry, G. (2018). Long Non-Coding RNAs in Neuronal Aging. Noncoding RNA, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna4020012"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, C.W., Luo, T., Zou, S.S., and Wu, A.S. (2018). The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Central Nervous System and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front. Behav. Neurosci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00175"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quan, Z., Zheng, D., and Qing, H. (2017). Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Central Nervous System and Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front. Cell Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00175"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2023.02.006","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cervical cancer","volume":"8","author":"Begliarzade","year":"2023","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-022-00947-4","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in human health and disease: Potential function as biomarkers and therapeutic targets","volume":"23","author":"Loganathan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Funct. Integr. Genom."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nappi, F. (2024). Non-Coding RNA-Targeted Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073630"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110739","article-title":"An interplay between non-coding RNAs and gut microbiota in human health","volume":"201","author":"Fardi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.04.001","article-title":"Long Noncoding RNAs in Host-Pathogen Interactions","volume":"40","author":"Agliano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.05.036","article-title":"Influenza Virus Exploits an Interferon-Independent lncRNA to Preserve Viral RNA Synthesis through Stabilizing Viral RNA Polymerase PB1","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2022.198956","article-title":"Current understanding on long non-coding RNAs in immune response to COVID-19","volume":"323","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.105","article-title":"Non-coding RNA in SARS-CoV-2: Progress toward therapeutic significance","volume":"222","author":"Shirvani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0038-5","article-title":"Distinct Hippocampal Expression Profiles of Long Non-coding RNAs in an Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Model","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2018.11.012","article-title":"Relationship between long non-coding RNAs and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review","volume":"215","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858408319187","article-title":"Noncoding RNAs in Long-Term Memory Formation","volume":"14","author":"Mercer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9793-6","article-title":"The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"54","author":"Wan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.135350.111","article-title":"GENCODE: The reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE Project","volume":"22","author":"Harrow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.02.008","article-title":"Global Positioning System: Understanding Long Noncoding RNAs through Subcellular Localization","volume":"73","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2015.10","article-title":"Unique features of long non-coding RNA biogenesis and function","volume":"17","author":"Quinn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2016.11.002","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs: Mechanism of action and functional utility","volume":"1","author":"Bhat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Noncoding RNA Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-021-02641-z","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs: Novel regulators of cellular physiology and function","volume":"474","author":"Oo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.08.018","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Wang, W., Zhu, W., Dong, J., Cheng, Y., Yin, Z., and Shen, F. (2019). Mechanisms and Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs at Multiple Regulatory Levels. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225573"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.03.004","article-title":"Linking deregulation of non-coding RNA to the core pathophysiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An integrative review","volume":"156","author":"Millan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Zhuang, Y., Zhao, X., and Li, X. (2018). Long Non-coding RNA in Neuronal Development and Neurological Disorders. Front. Genet., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00744"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12541","article-title":"Invited Review: Long non-coding RNAs: Important regulators in the development, function and disorders of the central nervous system","volume":"45","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lan, Z., Chen, Y., Jin, J., Xu, Y., and Zhu, X. (2021). Long Non-coding RNA: Insight Into Mechanisms of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front. Mol. Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.821002"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anilkumar, A.K., Vij, P., Lopez, S., Leslie, S.M., Doxtater, K., Khan, M.M., Yallapu, M.M., Chauhan, S.C., Maestre, G.E., and Tripathi, M.K. (2024). Long Non-Coding RNAs: New Insights in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042268"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.12.011","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNAs, Novel Culprits, or Bodyguards in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.199","article-title":"A long nuclear-retained non-coding RNA regulates synaptogenesis by modulating gene expression","volume":"29","author":"Bernard","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120652","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 protects against Abeta(1-42) induced toxicity by regulating the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2 via quenching miR-200a\/26a\/26b in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"302","author":"Chanda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12904","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA Malat1 promotes neurite outgrowth through activation of ERK\/MAPK signalling pathway in N2a cells","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"434","article-title":"MALAT1 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by Abeta25-35 via blocking PI3K\/mTOR\/GSK3beta pathway","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Xi Bao Yu Fen. Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606749","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 regulates retinal neurodegeneration through CREB signaling","volume":"8","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101878","article-title":"lncRNA NEAT1: Key player in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2019.60.7.640","article-title":"Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Aggravates Abeta-Induced Neuronal Damage by Targeting miR-107 in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"60","author":"Ke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Z., Zhao, J., Wang, W., Zhou, J., and Zhang, J. (2020). Depletion of LncRNA NEAT1 Rescues Mitochondrial Dysfunction Through NEDD4L-Dependent PINK1 Degradation in Animal Models of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front. Cell Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00028"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2023.12.015","article-title":"Neuronal MAPT expression is mediated by long-range interactions with cis-regulatory elements","volume":"111","author":"Rogers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03556-6","article-title":"MIR-NATs repress MAPT translation and aid proteostasis in neurodegeneration","volume":"594","author":"Simone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02237-2","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA SNHG8 drives stress granule formation in tauopathies","volume":"28","author":"Bhagat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-019-01364-2","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNA BACE1-AS May Serve as an Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Blood-Based Biomarker","volume":"69","author":"Fotuhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"2080","article-title":"Knockdown of BACE1-AS by siRNA improves memory and learning behaviors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease animal model","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.04.011","article-title":"Antisense RNA controls LRP1 Sense transcript expression through interaction with a chromatin-associated protein, HMGB2","volume":"11","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"424","article-title":"An intronic ncRNA-dependent regulation of SORL1 expression affecting Abeta formation is upregulated in post-mortem Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain samples","volume":"6","author":"Ciarlo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asadi, M.R., Hassani, M., Kiani, S., Sabaie, H., Moslehian, M.S., Kazemi, M., Ghafouri-Fard, S., Taheri, M., and Rezazadeh, M. (2021). The Perspective of Dysregulated LncRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Scoping Review. Front. Aging Neurosci., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.709568"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001057","article-title":"Identification of the biological affection of long noncoding RNA BC200 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"2255","article-title":"LncRNA BC200 regulates neuron apoptosis and neuroinflammation via PI3K\/AKT pathway in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10679","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701532104","article-title":"Dendritic BC200 RNA in aging and in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"104","author":"Mus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05864.x","article-title":"A natural antisense transcript against Rad18, specifically expressed in neurons and upregulated during beta-amyloid-induced apoptosis","volume":"26","author":"Parenti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2012.05.001","article-title":"NDM29, a RNA polymerase III-dependent non coding RNA, promotes amyloidogenic processing of APP and amyloid beta secretion","volume":"1823","author":"Massone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0840-2","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA Sox2ot and transcription factor YY1 co-regulate the differentiation of cortical neural progenitors by repressing Sox2","volume":"9","author":"Knauss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101881","article-title":"Gene expression biomarkers in the brain of a mouse model for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Mining of microarray data by logic classification and feature selection","volume":"24","author":"Arisi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2024.2334248","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying LncRNA SNHG1 regulation of Alzheimer\u2019s disease involve DNA methylation","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.07.019","article-title":"Long Noncoding RNA SNHG1 Promotes Neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s Disease via Regulating miR-7\/NLRP3 Pathway","volume":"388","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2019.1687183","article-title":"Differentially expressed long-chain noncoding RNAs in human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y): Alzheimer\u2019s disease cell model","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191303","article-title":"lncRNA SNHG1 Knockdown Alleviates Amyloid-beta-Induced Neuronal Injury by Regulating ZNF217 via Sponging miR-361-3p in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"77","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2021.104614","article-title":"LncRNA BDNF-AS as ceRNA regulates the miR-9-5p\/BACE1 pathway affecting neurotoxicity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"99","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.09.019","article-title":"17A, a novel non-coding RNA, regulates GABA B alternative splicing and signaling in response to inflammatory stimuli and in Alzheimer disease","volume":"41","author":"Massone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11263","article-title":"Silencing of long noncoding RNA XIST attenuated Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related BACE1 alteration through miR-124","volume":"44","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00219-z","article-title":"Noncoding RNA therapeutics\u2014Challenges and potential solutions","volume":"20","author":"Winkle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-013-0199-0","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs: Novel targets for nervous system disease diagnosis and therapy","volume":"10","author":"Qureshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2018.1562874","article-title":"LncRNA17A regulates autophagy and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cell line as an in vitro model for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1159\/000537883","article-title":"LINC00472 Regulates Ferroptosis of Neurons in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease via FOXO1","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abp9556","article-title":"MEG3 activates necroptosis in human neuron xenografts modeling Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"381","author":"Balusu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"1930","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNA ANRIL and Its Role in the Development of Age-Related Diseases","volume":"24","author":"Shou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-021-01900-z","article-title":"Expression of Linear and Circular lncRNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"72","author":"Safari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11203","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA ANRIL knockdown suppresses apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines while enhancing neurite outgrowth via binding microRNA-125a in a cellular model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.02.968","article-title":"Sex Differences in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Insights From the Multiomics Landscape","volume":"91","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2017.03.010","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in brain development, synaptic biology, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"132","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-023-00387-4","article-title":"Breaking the mold with RNA-a \u201cRNAissance\u201d of life science","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Genom. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dibaj, M., Haghi, M., Safaralizadeh, R., and Saberi, A. (2024). The role of EZH2 and its regulatory lncRNAs as a serum-based biomarker in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol. Biol. Rep., 51.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-09802-0"}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/8\/818\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:37:11Z","timestamp":1760110631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/8\/818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci14080818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14080818","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]}}}