{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:20:39Z","timestamp":1760145639741,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada","award":["RGPIN-2019-06532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-06532"]}]},{"name":"Cirris","award":["RGPIN-2019-06532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-06532"]}]},{"name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec Sant\u00e9 (FRQS)","award":["RGPIN-2019-06532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-06532"]}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Pain and Sensorimotor Rehabilitation and the Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Chair in Cerebral Palsy","award":["RGPIN-2019-06532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-06532"]}]},{"name":"FRQS","award":["RGPIN-2019-06532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-06532"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Musculoskeletal conditions often involve pain related to specific movements. However, most studies on the impact of experimental pain on motor performance and learning have used tonic pain models. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of experimental phasic pain during the preparation or execution of a reaching task on the acquisition and retention of sensorimotor adaptation. Participants were divided into three groups: no pain, pain during motor preparation, and pain during motor execution. Pain was induced over the scapula with a laser while participants performed a force field adaptation task over two days. To assess the effect of pain on motor performance, two baseline conditions (with or without pain) involving unperturbed pointing movements were also conducted. The results indicated that the timing of the nociceptive stimulus differently affected baseline movement performance. Pain during motor preparation shortened reaction time, while pain during movement execution decreased task performance. However, when these baseline effects were accounted for, no impact of pain on motor adaptation or retention was observed. All groups showed significant improvements in all motor variables for both adaptation and retention. In conclusion, while acute phasic pain during motor preparation or execution can affect the movement itself, it does not interfere with motor acquisition or retention during a motor adaptation task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14090851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T04:48:25Z","timestamp":1724647705000},"page":"851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Phasic Experimental Pain Applied during Motor Preparation or Execution on Motor Performance and Adaptation in a Reaching Task: A Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"La\u00efla","family":"Badr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7264-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9andre","family":"Gagn\u00e9-Pelletier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4472-9656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Mass\u00e9-Alarie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2037-6916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Universitaire de Sant\u00e9 et Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC G1M 2S8, Canada"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews, D., Cancino, E.E., Falla, D., and Khatibi, A. 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