{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:47Z","timestamp":1760145767147,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Research &amp; Development","award":["I01CX001290-01A1","R01 DC016345","2018\/18900-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01CX001290-01A1","R01 DC016345","2018\/18900-1"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders at the National Institutes of Health","award":["I01CX001290-01A1","R01 DC016345","2018\/18900-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01CX001290-01A1","R01 DC016345","2018\/18900-1"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Excellence Chair S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["I01CX001290-01A1","R01 DC016345","2018\/18900-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01CX001290-01A1","R01 DC016345","2018\/18900-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ideomotor apraxia is a cognitive disorder most often resulting from acquired brain lesions (i.e., strokes or tumors). Neuroimaging and lesion studies have implicated several brain regions in praxis and apraxia, but most studies have described (sub)acute patients. This study aimed to extend previous research by analyzing data from 115 left hemisphere chronic stroke patients using the praxis subtest of the Western Aphasia Battery, which is divided into four action types: facial, upper limb, complex, and instrumental. Lesion\u2013symptom mapping was used to identify brain regions most critically associated with difficulties in each of the four subtests. Complex and instrumental action deficits were associated with left precentral, postcentral, and superior parietal gyri (Brodmann areas 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), while the facial and upper limb action deficits maps were restricted to left inferior, middle, and medial temporal gyri (Brodmann areas 20, 21, 22, and 48). We discuss ideas about neuroplasticity and cortical reorganization in chronic stroke and how different methodologies can reveal different aspects of lesion and recovery networks in apraxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14090853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,26]],"date-time":"2024-08-26T04:48:25Z","timestamp":1724647705000},"page":"853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Voxel-Based Lesion Analysis of Ideomotor Apraxia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Oliveira Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 05021-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anal\u00eda L.","family":"Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 05021-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4297-014X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Herron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9030-4192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Lepski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 05021-001, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Sao Paulo 05021-001, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina F.","family":"Dronkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"},{"name":"Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana V.","family":"Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.3.747","article-title":"Recovery from ideomotor apraxia: A study on acute stroke patients","volume":"110","author":"Capitani","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.1.87","article-title":"Neuropsychological and neuroanatomical dimensions of ideomotor apraxia","volume":"115","author":"Alexander","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1155\/1992\/716708","article-title":"Ideational and Ideomotor Apraxia: A Qualitative Analysis","volume":"5","author":"Mozaz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav. 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