{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:45Z","timestamp":1760145765479,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"STI2030-Major Projects+2021ZD0204300","award":["2022-02-10","2022YFC2503901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-02-10","2022YFC2503901"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Health System Leading Talent Grant","award":["2022-02-10","2022YFC2503901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-02-10","2022YFC2503901"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022-02-10","2022YFC2503901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-02-10","2022YFC2503901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is challenging to differentiate between central nervous system (CNS) virus infections and neurological autoimmune diseases in the emergency department. Considering their different pathogenesis, we assume they differ in neuropsychiatric symptoms and laboratory results. A total of 80 patients were included in this study, 50 with CNS virus infections and 30 with CNS autoimmune diseases, confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A binary logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were employed to examine the discrimination between the two types of diseases based on neuropsychiatric symptoms and laboratory results. Compared to patients with neurological autoimmune diseases, patients with CNS virus infections had a higher incidence of abnormal behavior (p = 0.026) and abnormal sensation\/thought (p = 0.029); higher total (p = 0.005), direct (p = 0.004), and indirect bilirubin (p = 0.004); and increased CSF cell (p = 0.01) and CSF white cell counts (p = 0.01). Patients with disturbance of consciousness and abnormal sensation\/thought were 7.79-fold and 5.07-fold more likely to be diagnosed with CNS virus infections (OR = 7.79, p = 0.008; OR = 5.07, p = 0.032). Each unit increase in blood indirect bilirubin concentration and CSF white cell counts increased the risk of developing CNS virus infections by 1.25-fold and 1.01-fold (OR = 1.25, p = 0.016; OR = 1.01, p = 0.011). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve was 88.0% (p &lt; 0.001). Our study found that patients with CNS viral infections tend to have higher blood indirect bilirubin concentration, CSF leukocyte count, frequency of disorders of consciousness, and abnormal sensation and thought, which may help differentiate them from those with neurological autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14090888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T09:56:42Z","timestamp":1725357402000},"page":"888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Diagnosis of CNS Virus Infections from Neurological Autoimmune Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study from China in ER Setting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2091-7567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiquan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang 453100, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuoyao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang 453100, China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6673-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huicong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiukun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liuchen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9596-3325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research & Biometrics Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0892-9909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada"},{"name":"Sunsimiao Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan 727000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7942-9330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatics, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Psychosomatic Disease Consultation Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30244-3","article-title":"An Update on Anti-Nmda Receptor Encephalitis for Neurologists and Psychiatrists: Mechanisms and Models","volume":"18","author":"Dalmau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1708712","article-title":"Graus, FAntibody-Mediated Encephalitis","volume":"378","author":"Dalmau","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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