{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:48:10Z","timestamp":1790786890107,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council (ERC Advanced grant)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HUMANFACE 101055175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HUMANFACE 101055175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A major scientific objective of cognitive neuroscience is to define cortico-cortical functional connections supporting cognitive functions. Here, we use an original approach combining frequency-tagging and direct electrical stimulation (DES) to test for bidirectional and cross-hemispheric category-specific modulations within the human cortical face network. A unique patient bilaterally implanted with depth electrodes in multiple face-selective cortical regions of the ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC) was shown 70 s sequences of variable natural object images at a 6 Hz rate, objectively identifying deviant face-selective neural activity at 1.2 Hz (i.e., every five images). Concurrent electrical stimulation was separately applied for 10 seconds on four independently defined face-selective sites in the right and left VOTC. Upon stimulation, we observed reduced or even abolished face-selective neural activity locally and, most interestingly, at distant VOTC recording sites. Remote DES effects were found up to the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in both forward and backward directions along the VOTC, as well as across the two hemispheres. This reduction was specific to face-selective neural activity, with the general 6 Hz visual response being mostly unaffected. Overall, these results shed light on the functional connectivity of the cortical face-selective network, supporting its non-hierarchical organization as well as bidirectional effective category-selective connections between posterior \u2018core\u2019 regions and the ATL. They also pave the way for widespread and systematic development of this approach to better understand the functional and effective connectivity of human brain networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14090906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T09:20:29Z","timestamp":1725614429000},"page":"906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bidirectional and Cross-Hemispheric Modulations of Face-Selective Neural Activity Induced by Electrical Stimulation within the Human Cortical Face Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1460-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luna","family":"Angelini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, IMoPA, UMR CNRS 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corentin","family":"Jacques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, IMoPA, UMR CNRS 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Maillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, IMoPA, UMR CNRS 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Colnat-Coulbois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, IMoPA, UMR CNRS 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurochirurgie, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Rossion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, IMoPA, UMR CNRS 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1053-0748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, IMoPA, UMR CNRS 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, F-54000 Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1992.0007","article-title":"Functional and anatomical decomposition of face processing: Evidence from prosopagnosia and PET study of normal subjects. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London","volume":"335","author":"Sergent","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01482-0","article-title":"The distributed human neural system for face perception","volume":"4","author":"Haxby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1724","article-title":"Understanding the recognition of facial identity and facial expression","volume":"6","author":"Calder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-102016-061214","article-title":"The Functional Neuroanatomy of Human Face Perception","volume":"3","author":"Weiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0811-3","article-title":"Multimodal mapping of the face connectome","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-823493-8.00019-5","article-title":"Chapter 11\u2014Face processing in the temporal lobe","volume":"Volume 187","author":"Miceli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1162\/089892900562165","article-title":"The fusiform \u2018face area\u2019 is part of a network that processes faces at the individual level","volume":"12","author":"Gauthier","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04302.1997","article-title":"The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception","volume":"17","author":"Kanwisher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4088","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522033113","article-title":"A face-selective ventral occipito-temporal map of the human brain with intracerebral potentials","volume":"113","author":"Jonas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.262","article-title":"Sparsely-distributed organization of face and limb activations in human ventral temporal cortex","volume":"52","author":"Weiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119765","article-title":"Functionally and structurally distinct fusiform face area(s) in over 1000 participants","volume":"265","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/71152","article-title":"Distinct representations of eye gaze and identity in the distributed human neural system for face perception","volume":"3","author":"Hoffman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.07.060","article-title":"Combined TMS and fMRI Reveal Dissociable Cortical Pathways for Dynamic and Static Face Perception","volume":"24","author":"Pitcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807304106","article-title":"An anterior temporal face patch in human cortex, predicted by macaque maps","volume":"106","author":"Rajimehr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Von Der Heide, R.J., Skipper, L.M., and Olson, I.R. (2013). Anterior temporal face patches: A meta-analysis and empirical study. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00017"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collins, J.A., Koski, J.E., and Olson, I.R. (2016). More Than Meets the Eye: The Merging of Perceptual and Conceptual Knowledge in the Anterior Temporal Face Area. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00189"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00962-x","article-title":"A massive 7T fMRI dataset to bridge cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence","volume":"25","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/9.5.415","article-title":"Electrophysiological Studies of Human Face Perception. I: Potentials Generated in Occipitotemporal Cortex by Face and Non-face Stimuli","volume":"9","author":"Allison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl148","article-title":"Effective Connectivity within the Distributed Cortical Network for Face Perception","volume":"17","author":"Fairhall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr226","article-title":"White-Matter Connectivity between Face-Responsive Regions in the Human Brain","volume":"22","author":"Gschwind","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs070","article-title":"Different Neural Mechanisms within Occipitotemporal Cortex Underlie Repetition Suppression across Same and Different-Size Faces","volume":"23","author":"Ewbank","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pyles, J.A., Verstynen, T.D., Schneider, W., and Tarr, M.J. (2013). Explicating the Face Perception Network with White Matter Connectivity. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061611"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furl, N. (2015). Structural and effective connectivity reveals potential network-based influences on category-sensitive visual areas. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00253"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22524-2","article-title":"Differential spatial computations in ventral and lateral face-selective regions are scaffolded by structural connections","volume":"12","author":"Finzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8425","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4509-15.2016","article-title":"The Face-Processing Network Is Resilient to Focal Resection of Human Visual Cortex","volume":"36","author":"Weiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz332","article-title":"Looking beyond the face area: Lesion network mapping of prosopagnosia","volume":"142","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynirp.2021.100045","article-title":"Revisiting the effective connectivity within the distributed cortical network for face perception","volume":"1","author":"Kessler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-082114-035518","article-title":"A Revised Neural Framework for Face Processing","volume":"1","author":"Duchaine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernstein, M., Erez, Y., Blank, I., and Yovel, G. (2018). An Integrated Neural Framework for Dynamic and Static Face Processing. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25405-9"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1038\/14819","article-title":"Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex","volume":"2","author":"Riesenhuber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12978","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0179-10.2010","article-title":"Selectivity and Tolerance (\u201cInvariance\u201d) Both Increase as Visual Information Propagates from Cortical Area V4 to IT","volume":"30","author":"Rust","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.040","article-title":"Let\u2019s face it: It\u2019s a cortical network","volume":"40","author":"Ishai","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2579-1","article-title":"The role of the occipital face area in the cortical face perception network","volume":"209","author":"Pitcher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1992.0002","article-title":"Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying face processing within and beyond the temporal cortical visual areas","volume":"335","author":"Rolls","year":"1992","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. Ser. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157436","article-title":"Patches with links: A unified system for processing faces in the macaque temporal lobe","volume":"320","author":"Moeller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194908","article-title":"Functional Compartmentalization and Viewpoint Generalization Within the Macaque Face-Processing System","volume":"330","author":"Freiwald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg241","article-title":"A network of occipito-temporal face-sensitive areas besides the right middle fusiform gyrus is necessary for normal face processing","volume":"126","author":"Rossion","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.06.013","article-title":"The fusiform face area is not sufficient for face recognition: Evidence from a patient with dense prosopagnosia and no occipital face area","volume":"44","author":"Steeves","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.09.055","article-title":"Mechanisms of hemispheric lateralization: Asymmetric interhemispheric recruitment in the face perception network","volume":"124","author":"Paulus","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossion, B., Jacques, C., and Jonas, J. (2024). The anterior fusiform gyrus: The ghost in the cortical face machine. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 158.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105535"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76544","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76544","article-title":"Low and high frequency intracranial neural signals match in the human associative cortex","volume":"11","author":"Jacques","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0442","article-title":"The role of the fusiform gyrus in successful encoding of face stimuli","volume":"9","author":"Kuskowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1162\/089892900562084","article-title":"Novel vs. Well-learned Memory for Faces: A Positron Emission Tomography Study","volume":"12","author":"Wiser","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1162\/089892901753165917","article-title":"How Does the Brain Discriminate Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces?: A PET Study of Face Categorical Perception","volume":"13","author":"Rossion","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1348\/174866407X214172","article-title":"Structure and function in acquired prosopagnosia: Lessons from a series of 10 patients with brain damage","volume":"2","author":"Barton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.05.026","article-title":"Beyond the core face-processing network: Intracerebral stimulation of a face-selective area in the right anterior fusiform gyrus elicits transient prosopagnosia","volume":"72","author":"Jonas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.118932","article-title":"Intracerebral electrical stimulation of the right anterior fusiform gyrus impairs human face identity recognition","volume":"250","author":"Volfart","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Thomas, C.C. (1958). The excitable cortex in conscious man. The Sherrington Lectures V, Charles C. Thomas."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"63","article-title":"Direct electrical stimulation of human cortex\u2014The gold standard for mapping brain functions? Nature Reviews","volume":"13","author":"Borchers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2019.1630375","article-title":"Direct electrical stimulation mapping of cognitive functions in the human brain","volume":"36","author":"Mahon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Axmacher, N. (2023). What Are the Contributions and Challenges of Direct Intracranial Electrical Stimulation in Human Cognitive Neuroscience?. Intracranial EEG: A Guide for Cognitive Neuroscientists, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"726","article-title":"Effective connectivity of functional brain regions through concurrent intracerebral electrical stimulation and frequency-tagged visual presentation","volume":"17","author":"Angelini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Stimul. Basic Transl. Clin. Res. Neuromodul."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1023-x","article-title":"Normative accuracy and response time data for the computerized Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT-c)","volume":"50","author":"Rossion","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2009.07.004","article-title":"Acquired prosopagnosia abolishes the face inversion effect","volume":"46","author":"Busigny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.4.482.7241","article-title":"Comparing an Individual\u2019s Test Score Against Norms Derived from Small Samples","volume":"12","author":"Crawford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107583","article-title":"Typical visual unfamiliar face individuation in left and right mesial temporal epilepsy","volume":"147","author":"Volfart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000394343","article-title":"Stereotaxic Approach to Epilepsy","volume":"Volume 5","author":"Maspes","year":"1973","journal-title":"Progress in Neurological Surgery"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1167\/15.1.18","article-title":"Fast periodic presentation of natural images reveals a robust face-selective electrophysiological response in the human brain","volume":"15","author":"Rossion","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rossion, B., Jacques, C., and Jonas, J. (2023). Intracerebral Electrophysiological Recordings to Understand the Neural Basis of Human Face Recognition. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020354"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7595","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718987115","article-title":"Selective visual representation of letters and words in the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex with intracerebral recordings","volume":"115","author":"Lochy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117174","article-title":"The neural basis of rapid unfamiliar face individuation with human intracerebral recordings","volume":"221","author":"Jacques","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000313","article-title":"Electrical Stimulation for Seizure Induction and Functional Mapping in Stereoelectroencephalography","volume":"33","author":"Chauvel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2017.11.005","article-title":"French guidelines on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)","volume":"48","author":"Isnard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurophysiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"86","article-title":"ELECTRICAL STIMULATION MAPPING of the Brain: Basic Principles and Emerging Alternatives","volume":"35","author":"Ritaccio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol. Off. Publ. Am. Electroencephalogr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000435","article-title":"A Guide for Cortical Electrical Stimulation Mapping","volume":"35","author":"So","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grande, K.M., Ihnen, S.K.Z., and Arya, R. (2020). Electrical Stimulation Mapping of Brain Function: A Comparison of Subdural Electrodes and Stereo-EEG. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.611291"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.)"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1167\/15.6.4","article-title":"The steady-state visual evoked potential in vision research: A review","volume":"15","author":"Norcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4283","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14865","article-title":"Understanding human individuation of unfamiliar faces with oddball fast periodic visual stimulation and electroencephalography","volume":"52","author":"Rossion","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01053.x","article-title":"Reorganization of Verbal and Nonverbal Memory in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Due to Unilateral Hippocampal Sclerosis","volume":"48","author":"Powell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt099","article-title":"A functional magnetic resonance imaging study mapping the episodic memory encoding network in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"136","author":"Sidhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17370","article-title":"Episodic memory network connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"63","author":"Fleury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00362","article-title":"Altered correlation of concurrently recorded EEG-fMRI connectomes in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"8","author":"Wirsich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Netw. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.015","article-title":"Neural systems for recognition of familiar faces","volume":"45","author":"Gobbini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20952","article-title":"Event-related potential and functional MRI measures of face-selectivity are highly correlated: A simultaneous ERP-fMRI investigation","volume":"31","author":"Sadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00672.2010","article-title":"Face categorization in visual scenes may start in a higher order area of the right fusiform gyrus: Evidence from dynamic visual stimulation in neuroimaging","volume":"106","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadipasaoglu, C.M., Conner, C.R., Baboyan, V.G., Rollo, M., Pieters, T.A., and Tandon, N. (2017). Network dynamics of human face perception. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188834"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.047","article-title":"Constraining the cortical face network by neuroimaging studies of acquired prosopagnosia","volume":"40","author":"Rossion","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108279","article-title":"Twenty years of investigation with the case of prosopagnosia PS to understand human face identity recognition. Part II: Neural basis","volume":"173","author":"Rossion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/1.1.1","article-title":"Distributed Hierarchical Processing in the Primate Cerebral Cortex","volume":"1","author":"Felleman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21980","article-title":"Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital area V6Ad of the macaque monkey","volume":"513","author":"Gamberini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edelman, G.M., and Gally, J.A. (2013). Reentry: A key mechanism for integration of brain function. Front. Integr. Neurosci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2013.00063"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs270","article-title":"A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity Matrix for Macaque Cerebral Cortex","volume":"24","author":"Markov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj005","article-title":"Impaired Face Discrimination in Acquired Prosopagnosia Is Associated with Abnormal Response to Individual Faces in the Right Middle Fusiform Gyrus","volume":"16","author":"Schiltz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.07.021","article-title":"Focal electrical intracerebral stimulation of a face-sensitive area causes transient prosopagnosia","volume":"222","author":"Jonas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108705","article-title":"Intracerebral electrical stimulation of the face-selective right lateral fusiform gyrus transiently impairs face identity recognition","volume":"190","author":"Volfart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0289","article-title":"Anatomic Localization and Quantitative Analysis of Gradient Refocused Echo-Planar fMRI Susceptibility Artifacts","volume":"6","author":"Ojemann","year":"1997","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21309","article-title":"Semantic Processing in the Anterior Temporal Lobes: A Meta-analysis of the Functional Neuroimaging Literature","volume":"22","author":"Visser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05954.x","article-title":"The neurobiological basis of seeing words","volume":"1224","author":"Wandell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4770-11.2012","article-title":"Hierarchical Processing of Face Viewpoint in Human Visual Cortex","volume":"32","author":"Axelrod","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rice, G.E., Hoffman, P., Binney, R.J., and Lambon Ralph, M.A. (2018). Concrete versus abstract forms of social concept: An fMRI comparison of knowledge about people versus social terms. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 373.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0136"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6038","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0456-21.2021","article-title":"A Data-Driven Functional Mapping of the Anterior Temporal Lobes","volume":"41","author":"Persichetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2018.03.012","article-title":"What can we learn about human individual face recognition from experimental studies in monkeys?","volume":"157","author":"Rossion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, A., and Ibanez, A. (2022). What makes us human? Face Identity Recognition. The Routledge Handbook of Semiosis and the Brain, Routledge. Chapter 21.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003051817"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.009","article-title":"Anatomical Connections of the Functionally Defined \u201cFace Patches\u201d in the Macaque Monkey","volume":"90","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10323","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0873-11.2011","article-title":"Resting-State Neural Activity across Face-Selective Cortical Regions Is Behaviorally Relevant","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01171.2011","article-title":"Intra- and interhemispheric connectivity between face-selective regions in the human brain","volume":"108","author":"Andrews","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"1","article-title":"Idiosyncratic patterns of interhemispheric connectivity in the face and scene networks of the human brain","volume":"2","author":"Quinn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Imaging Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/9\/906\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:49:53Z","timestamp":1760111393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/9\/906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci14090906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14090906","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]}}}