{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T17:14:01Z","timestamp":1784654041245,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["CAPES\/AUXPE: 2739\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES\/AUXPE: 2739\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["2020\/07992-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07992-2"]}]},{"name":"CAPES\/Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["CAPES\/AUXPE: 2739\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES\/AUXPE: 2739\/2018"]}]},{"name":"CAPES\/Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["2020\/07992-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07992-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: One of the behavioral problems strongly associated with emotional dysregulation (ED) in ASD is emotional outbursts (EOs) characterized by a pattern of challenging behavior that varies across individuals and across time. Cultural factors can modulate the expression of EOs. This study aimed to characterize the profile of emotional outbursts (EOs) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across various countries in Latin America and to identify clinical, emotional, and contextual factors that contribute to the onset and frequency of EOs within this diverse sample. Methods: A cross-sectional and cross-cultural study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 comprising samples from five countries in the Latin American Network for Autism-REAL: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, and the Dominican Republic. We studied 689 children with ASD (age x = 8.7 \u00b1 2.6 years) using the Emotional Outburst Questionnaire (EOQ). Results: We identified different types of EO among children with ASD in our sample. The most frequent was the \u2018behavioral indicators of emotion\u2019 (52.0%) followed by \u2018increased motor activity\u2019 (28.3%), \u2018non-speech vocalizations\u2019, (27.6%), \u2018mild verbal aggression\u2019 (23.8%), and \u2018avoidance\u2019 (21.5%). Children in a bad mood or having a bad day or experiencing irritability were the most significant factors that increased the likelihood of EOs. Conclusions: Our results revealed that irritability is an important trigger for EOs and should not be disregarded or underestimated when monitoring the mental health of children with ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14101010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T04:29:26Z","timestamp":1728361766000},"page":"1010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Understanding Emotional Outbursts: A Cross-Cultural Study in Latin American Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6096-8414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Sciences Graduate Program, Center for Research on Childhood and Adolescence, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, S\u00e3o Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6330-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosane","family":"Lowenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7993-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexia","family":"Rattazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Argentino para Ni\u00f1os, Adolescentes y Adultos con Condiciones del Espectro Autista (PANAACEA), Buenos Aires B1640EMQ, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Cukier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pedro de Elizalde, Buenos Aires C1270AAN, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5602-8422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa Argentino para Ni\u00f1os, Adolescentes y Adultos con Condiciones del Espectro Autista (PANAACEA), Buenos Aires B1640EMQ, Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Buenos Aires C1026AAC, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7157-4245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatria y Salud Mental de la Infancia y la Adolescencia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Garrido","family":"Candela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica de Psiquiatr\u00eda Pedi\u00e1trica, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo 118000, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1803-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Analia Rosoli","family":"Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organizaci\u00f3n Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educaci\u00f3n, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OEI), Santo Domingo 10108, Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3228-1349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francislene Pereira da Silva","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo 01224-001, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Sciences Graduate Program, Center for Research on Childhood and Adolescence, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, S\u00e3o Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Woodcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3779-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin Cheuk Yin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmel","family":"Mevorach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-5416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Montiel-Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0438-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiane Silvestre","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Sciences Graduate Program, Center for Research on Childhood and Adolescence, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, S\u00e3o Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"APA (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fith Edition Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.23661","article-title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review","volume":"329","author":"Hirota","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2022.03.033","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions for Irritability and Emotional Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Predictors of Response","volume":"62","author":"Moreno","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Easdale-Cheele, T., Parlatini, V., Cortese, S., and Bellato, A. (2024). A Narrative Review of the Efficacy of Interventions for Emotional Dysregulation, and Underlying Bio\u2013Psycho\u2013Social Factors. Brain Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14050453"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-015-0187-5","article-title":"ADHD and Emotion Dysregulation Among Children and Adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Bunford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Child Fam. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.05.006","article-title":"The Role of Emotion Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"52","author":"Mazefsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13070966","article-title":"Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"171","author":"Shaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJP"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davico, C., Marcotulli, D., Cudia, V.F., Arletti, L., Ghiggia, A., Svevi, B., Faraoni, C., Amianto, F., Ricci, F., and Vitiello, B. (2022). Emotional Dysregulation and Adaptive Functioning in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder or Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front. Psychiatry, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.846146"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Osso, L., Massoni, L., Battaglini, S., De Felice, C., Nardi, B., Amatori, G., Cremone, I.M., and Carpita, B. (2023). Emotional Dysregulation as a Part of the Autism Spectrum Continuum: A Literature Review from Late Childhood to Adulthood. Front. Psychiatry, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1234518"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, J.C.Y., Mevorach, C., and Woodcock, K.A. (2022). Establishing the Transdiagnostic Contextual Pathways of Emotional Outbursts. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11474-4"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Sisterhen, L.L., and Wy, P.A.W. (2023). Temper Tamtrums, State Pearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05708-7","article-title":"Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Contexts Associated with Emotional Outbursts","volume":"53","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200306000-00002","article-title":"Temper Tantrums in Young Children: 1. Behavioral Composition","volume":"24","author":"Potegal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shenton, B.D.K., Chung, J.C.Y., and Woodcock, K.A. (2024). Characterising the Behaviours in Most Severe and Least Severe Emotional Outbursts in Young People. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52732-x"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.1.95","article-title":"Hiding Feelings: The Acute Effects of Inhibiting Negative and Positive Emotion","volume":"106","author":"Gross","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073910374661","article-title":"The Many Meanings\/Aspects of Emotion: Definitions, Functions, Activation, and Regulation","volume":"2","author":"Izard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emot. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-009-0148-7","article-title":"Rages or Temper Tantrums? The Behavioral Organization, Temporal Characteristics, and Clinical Significance of Angry-Agitated Outbursts in Child Psychiatry Inpatients","volume":"40","author":"Potegal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3391-y","article-title":"Emotion Regulation Strategies in Preschoolers with Autism: Associations with Parent Quality of Life and Family Functioning","volume":"48","author":"Nuske","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S136","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2851L","article-title":"Irritability and Problem Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Practice Pathway for Pediatric Primary Care","volume":"137","author":"McGuire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Graziano, P.A., and Garcia Alexis, M.S.O. (2016). Irritability. The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2481-y","article-title":"Reliability and Validity of Parent- and Child-Rated Anxiety Measures in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"45","author":"Kaat","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2024.2332999","article-title":"Future Directions: The Phenomenology of Irritable Mood and Outbursts: Hang Together or Hang Separately","volume":"53","author":"Carlson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-3009-9","article-title":"Emotion Regulation and Parent Co-Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"47","author":"Ting","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Essau, C.A., Leblanc, S., and Ollendick, T.H. (2017). Cultural and Social Aspects of Emotion Regulation. Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780198765844.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.104106","article-title":"Behavioral and Emotional Problems of Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Effects of Parents\u2019 Sociocultural Level and Individual Factors","volume":"119","author":"Bacherini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016071","article-title":"Incorporating the Cultural Value of Respeto into a Framework of Latino Parenting","volume":"16","author":"Calzada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cultur. Divers. Ethn. Minor. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-120.6.504","article-title":"Have Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Quality of Health Care Relationships Changed for Children With Developmental Disabilities and ASD?","volume":"120","author":"Parish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3928","article-title":"Autism Spectrum Disorders and Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity: A Population-Based Study","volume":"134","author":"Becerra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2023-11-55","article-title":"Burden and Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"41","author":"Effatpanah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Balk. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1575","article-title":"Autism Screening and Diagnosis in Low Resource Settings: Challenges and Opportunities to Enhance Research and Services Worldwide","volume":"8","author":"Durkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2020.101670","article-title":"Service Encounters across the Lifespan in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Results from a Multisite Study in Latin America","volume":"79","author":"Cukier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Autism Spectr. Disord."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1","article-title":"One World, One Autism? A Commentary on Using an Intersectionality Framework to Study Autism in Low-Resourced Communities","volume":"25","author":"Montenegro","year":"2023","journal-title":"PTP"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000913","article-title":"Mexican-Origin Family Members\u2019 Unique and Shared Family Perspectives of Familism Values and Their Links with Parent-Youth Relationship Quality","volume":"56","author":"Padilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"UNICEF (2016). Helth Equity Report 2016: Analysis of Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Inequities in Latin America and the Caribbean to Inform Policymaking, UNICEF."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2020.10.013","article-title":"Understanding, Assessing, and Intervening with Emotion Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"30","author":"Keluskar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2021.1907752","article-title":"Trajectories of Dysregulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"50","author":"Greenlee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2020.11.008","article-title":"Assessment and Treatment of Emotion Regulation Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Life Span","volume":"44","author":"Beck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2021.1955369","article-title":"Predictors of Severity and Change in Emotion Dysregulation among Children and Adolescents with ASD","volume":"50","author":"Northrup","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira, M.C.T.V., Tafla, T.L., Lowenthal, R., Paula, C.S., Balbueno, B., Mevorach, C., Chung, J.C.Y., and Woodcock, K.A. (2024). Preliminary Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Emotional Outburst Questionnaire. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49834-3"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"International Test Comission, I. (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests, International Test Comission. [2nd ed.]. Available online: www.InTestCom.org."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.21315\/eimj2019.11.2.6","article-title":"ABC of Content Validation and Content Validity Index Calculation","volume":"11","author":"Yusoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Educ. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320940073","article-title":"Challenges, Priorities, Barriers to Care, and Stigma in Families of People with Autism: Similarities and Differences among Six Latin American Countries","volume":"24","author":"Paula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap)\u2014A Metadata-Driven Methodology and Workflow Process for Providing Translational Research Informatics Support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skrondal, A., and Rabe-Hesketh, S. (2004). Generalized Latent Variable Modeling, Chapman and Hall\/CRC. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203489437"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kremelberg, D. (2010). Pratical Statistcs: A Quick and Easy Guide to IBM\u00ae SPSS\u00ae Statistics, STATA and Other Statistical Software, SAGE Publications.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483385655"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"43","article-title":"Autistic spectrum disorders, attention deficit disorders, hyperactivity and emotional dysregulation: Masking and approach","volume":"84","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01092-3","article-title":"Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission Dysregulation in the Prefrontal Cortex: Pathophysiological Implications","volume":"27","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12868","article-title":"The Role of Cognitive Control and Emotion Regulation in Predicting Mental Health Problems in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"47","author":"Farmus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-2022-5","article-title":"Emotion Dysregulation and the Core Features of Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"44","author":"Samson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Autism. Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chua, S.Y., Abd Rahman, F.N., and Ratnasingam, S. (2023). Problem Behaviours and Caregiver Burden among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Kuching, Sarawak. Front. Psychiatry, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1244164"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3361-4","article-title":"How Do Parents Manage Irritability, Challenging Behaviour, Non-Compliance and Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders? A Meta-Synthesis","volume":"48","author":"Evers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000001028","article-title":"Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Youth with Autism: High Prevalence and Impact on Functioning","volume":"43","author":"Fombonne","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13161","article-title":"Disparities in Adversity among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Study","volume":"58","author":"Berg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deb, S., Retzer, A., Roy, M., Acharya, R., Limbu, B., and Roy, A. (2020). The Effectiveness of Parent Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. BMC Psychiatry, 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02973-7"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12759","article-title":"A Randomised Clinical Pilot Trial to Test the Effectiveness of Parent Training with Video Modelling to Improve Functioning and Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability","volume":"64","author":"Bordini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serra, G., Apicella, M., Andracchio, E., Della Santa, G., Lanza, C., Trasolini, M., Iannoni, M.E., Maglio, G., and Vicari, S. (2024). Factors Associated with High Parent- and Youth-Rated Irritability Score in Early-Onset Mood Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study with the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI). Brain Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14060611"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-021-09374-1","article-title":"Behavioural and Physiological Response to Frustration in Autistic Youth: Associations with Irritability","volume":"13","author":"Forth","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurodevelop. Disord."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2022.06.004","article-title":"Editorial: Weighing Benefits and Risks While Treating Irritability and Emotional Dysregulation in Autism","volume":"62","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J.Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2023.0035","article-title":"Characteristic Similarities of Irritability Between Autism and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder","volume":"33","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/07434618.2018.1462849","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Predictors, Moderators, and Mediators of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Outcomes for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"34","author":"Sievers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Augment. Altern. Commun."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/10\/1010\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:08:54Z","timestamp":1760112534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/14\/10\/1010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci14101010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14101010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]}}}