{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T13:08:51Z","timestamp":1792415331744,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Orthosomnia has become a concern in the field of sleep medicine. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of orthosomnia in the general population. Methods: We collected data from 523 participants via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire, and Athens Insomnia Scale. Additionally, we gathered information about participants\u2019 use of commercial sleep-tracking wearable devices. Results: We developed a four-criteria algorithm to identify cases of orthosomnia: ownership of a wearable sleep-tracking device, AIS score \u2265 6, GAD-7 score \u2264 14, and APSQ score \u2265 40 or APSQ score \u2265 35 or APSQ score \u2265 30, for conservative, moderate, and lenient prevalence estimates, respectively. One hundred seventy-six (35.8%) (95% CI 34.6\u201340.1%) participants regularly used sleep-tracking devices. The prevalence rates of algorithm-identified orthosomnia in the study sample were: 16 participants (3.0%, 95% CI 1.6\u20134.5%), 45 participants (8.6%, 95% CI 6.2\u201311.0%), 73 participants (14.0%, 95% CI 10.9\u201316.9%) for the for conservative, moderate, and lenient prevalence estimates, respectively. Individuals with orthosomnia were not significantly different in terms of age and sex. The cases consistently had higher AIS scores than non-cases across all APSQ cutoffs, indicating more severe insomnia symptoms, with significant differences observed at each cutoff point. Conclusions: This study offers initial insights into the prevalence of orthosomnia within our sample at a specific time. The findings reveal notable rates of orthosomnia among individuals using sleep-tracking devices; however, we must acknowledge the limitations inherent in a cross-sectional design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14111123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T11:13:37Z","timestamp":1730891617000},"page":"1123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence of Orthosomnia in a General Population Sample: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitham","family":"Jahrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Hospitals, Manama 329, Bahrain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2623-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Trabelsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3047-1834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waqar","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achraf","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1706-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"BaHammam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary Service, King Saud University, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seithikurippu R.","family":"Pandi-Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India"},{"name":"Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Saif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Hospitals, Manama 329, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9776-0473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael V.","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9476","article-title":"Sleep is essential to health: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement","volume":"17","author":"Ramar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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