{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:12:55Z","timestamp":1787735575918,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Cardiac arrest may cause significant hypoxic\u2013ischemic injury leading to coma, seizures, myoclonic jerks, or status epilepticus. Mortality is high, but accurate prognostication is challenging. A multimodal approach is employed, in which electroencephalography (EEG) forms a key part with several recognised patterns of prognostic significance. Methods: In this retrospective study, clinical and qualitative features of the EEG of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Kingston General Hospital following cardiac arrest from 2017 to 2020 were reviewed. The study included 81 adult patients (\u226518 years). Outcome was assessed using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) as 1\u20132 (favourable) or 3\u20135 (unfavourable). EEG patterns were divided into groups within the highly malignant, malignant and benign patterns described in the literature. Results: There were a wide range of causes and 22% had a favourable outcome. Highly malignant, malignant and benign patterns were associated with survival in 0%, 70% and 100%, respectively, and favourable outcomes in 0%, 48% and 100%. All patients with seizures died, and 94% with myoclonus had unfavourable outcomes. In contrast, EEG reactivity and improvement on follow-up EEG were associated with a favourable outcome. Conclusions: Highly malignant EEG, seizures and myoclonus were associated with unfavourable outcomes, while patients with malignant EEG had better outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14121264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T03:46:02Z","timestamp":1734407162000},"page":"1264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Electroencephalography (EEG) for Neurological Prognostication in Post-Anoxic Coma Following Cardiac Arrest and Its Relationship to Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zaitoon","family":"Shivji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG Department, Kingston Health Science Center, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Bendahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson\u2019s Disease, Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carter","family":"McInnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Woodford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG Department, Kingston Health Science Center, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Einspenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG Department, Kingston Health Science Center, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Calder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EEG Department, Kingston Health Science Center, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lysa","family":"Boiss\u00e9 Lomax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garima","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9395-1478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin P.","family":"Winston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp048174","article-title":"Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest\u2014The Solution Is Shocking","volume":"351","author":"Callans","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. 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