{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:49:14Z","timestamp":1788058154692,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on mental health in the general population. The fear, stress, and uncertainty surrounding that traumatic period could have contributed to the aggravation or possible new onset of obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms. Methods: The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) is a nationwide project organized by the University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, designed as an observational investigation that aimed to gather data from a representative sample of the Italian general population. The current study is a report from the main project and it focuses on obsessive\u2013compulsive (OC) symptoms. Results: A total sample of N = 20,720 took part in the survey. N = 2332 individuals had a total Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Inventory\u2014Revised (OCI-R) score greater than or equal to 21 (11.3% of the entire sample), indicating the presence of clinically relevant obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms. By excluding patients with a history of previous mental illnesses, we still obtained a high number of individuals with an OCI-R score greater than or equal to 21 (N = 2024), representing 10.3% of the overall sample, possibly indicating a new incidence of OC symptoms during the pandemic. Discussion: Our study highlights a substantial new incidence of obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms in the general public. Risk factors or red flags such as being male, being of working age, living in a highly stressful environment such as one of the Italian regions most affected and severely hit by the pandemic, having higher levels of loneliness, and using substances to cope with stress, should be paid particular attention in order to prevent the development of OC symptoms during a critical and traumatic event such as the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14121280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:50:44Z","timestamp":1734591044000},"page":"1280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Symptoms in the General Population Under Stressful Conditions: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2855-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina\u2014ASUGI, 34148 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9EU, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9781-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umberto","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina\u2014ASUGI, 34148 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3662-8073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Carmassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6877-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Carr\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9440-1873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Cirulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Dell\u2019Osso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences \u201cLuigi Sacco\u201d, University of Milan, 20019 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Di Vincenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4338-1371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1085-4339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giulia","family":"Nanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1886-4977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Pompili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9767-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Sensory Organs and Thorax, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00136 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Tortorella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9166-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umberto","family":"Volpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fiorillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaia","family":"Sampogna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania \u201cL. Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.89","article-title":"Effects of the Lockdown on the Mental Health of the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET Collaborative Network","volume":"63","author":"Fiorillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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