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Adverse effects may encompass focal cerebral necrosis, cognitive function compromise, cerebrovascular pathology, spinal cord injury, and detriment to the neural fibers constituting the brachial plexus. With increasing survival rates among oncology patients, evaluating post-treatment quality of life has become crucial in assessing the benefits of radiation therapy. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate therapeutic strategies to mitigate cerebral complications from radiation exposure. Current management of radiation-induced cerebral damage involves corticosteroids and bevacizumab, with preclinical research on antioxidants and thalidomide. Despite these efforts, an optimal treatment remains elusive. Recent studies suggest the gut microbiota\u2019s involvement in neurologic pathologies. This review aims to discuss the causes and existing treatments for radiation-induced cerebral injury and explore gut microbiota modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14121295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T02:39:56Z","timestamp":1734921596000},"page":"1295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insights and the Promise of Gut\u2013Brain Axis Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mengting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan 430022, China"},{"name":"Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02314","article-title":"Treatment for Brain Metastases: ASCO-SNO-ASTRO Guideline","volume":"40","author":"Vogelbaum","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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