{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:58:05Z","timestamp":1790366285243,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","award":["RSP2023R111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2023R111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives:\u00a0Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligate food-borne intracellular parasite, causes severe neuropathology by establishing a persistent infection in the host brain. We have previously shown that T. gondii infection induces severe neuropathology in the brain manifested by increased nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, glial activation\/BBB damage, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine glia maturation factor-beta and induced apoptosis. Methods: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the serum amyloid P (SAP) components, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2), caspase 1 (Casp 1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) and complement 3 (C3) gene expressions on the 10th, 20th and 30th days after infection with T. gondii in the neuroimmunopathogenesis of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) in mouse brains by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The study also aimed to determine whether there was a correlation between the markers included in the study on these critical days, which had not previously been investigated. The mRNA expression levels of SAP components, NF-\u03baB, IL-1\u03b2, Casp 1, TNF-\u03b1 and C3 were examined. Results: The most notable outcome of this investigation was the observation that SAP components exhibited a 13.9-fold increase on day 10 post-infection, followed by a rapid decline in the subsequent periods. In addition, IL-1\u03b2 expression increased 20-fold, while SAP components decreased 13-fold on day 20 after infection. Additionally, the TNF-\u03b1, Casp 1 and NF-\u03baB expression levels were consistently elevated to above normal levels at each time point. Conclusions: This study identified SAP components, NF-\u03baB, IL-1\u03b2, Casp 1 and TNF-\u03b1 expressions as playing critical roles in TE neuroimmunopathogenesis. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate SAP components during the transition from acute systemic infection to early\/medium chronic and chronic infection and to explore the relationship between SAP components and other nuclear factors\/pro-cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14121298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T02:50:56Z","timestamp":1735008656000},"page":"1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["First Description of the Role of the Relationship Between Serum Amyloid P Components and Nuclear Factors\/Pro-Cytokines During Critical Periods of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6985-3197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gungor Cagdas","family":"Dincel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara 06050, Turkey"},{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan Tarik","family":"Atmaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0389-1980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"El-Ashram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan 528231, China"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"363","author":"Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Dubey, J.P., and Beattie, C.P. 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