{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:01:53Z","timestamp":1793062913063,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":194,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are transforming the study of movement disorders by providing valuable insights into disease mechanisms. This narrative review presents a comprehensive overview of their applications in this field, offering an updated perspective on their potential for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutic evaluation. Emerging MRI modalities such as neuromelanin-sensitive imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, and relaxometry provide sensitive biomarkers that can detect early microstructural degeneration, iron deposition, and connectivity disruptions in key regions like the substantia nigra. These techniques enable earlier and more accurate differentiation of movement disorders, including Parkinson\u2019s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, Lewy body and frontotemporal dementia, Huntington\u2019s disease, and dystonia. Furthermore, MRI provides objective metrics for tracking disease progression and assessing therapeutic efficacy, making it an indispensable tool in clinical trials. Despite these advances, the absence of standardized protocols limits their integration into routine clinical practice. Addressing this gap and incorporating these techniques more systematically could bring the field closer to leveraging advanced MRI for personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals with movement disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15010079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T10:44:23Z","timestamp":1737024263000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Movement Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ortega-Robles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sue\u00f1o, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2124-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benito","family":"de Celis Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias F\u00edsico Matem\u00e1ticas, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Cantillo-Negrete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technological Research Subdirection, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben I.","family":"Carino-Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research in Clinical Neuroscience, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9982-7571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Arias-Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sue\u00f1o, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez, Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13700","article-title":"Blood based biomarkers for movement disorders","volume":"146","author":"Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. 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