{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T21:26:06Z","timestamp":1790198766896,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gazi University","award":["TCD-2023-8868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCD-2023-8868"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Exercise addiction, marked by an inability to control exercise and associated with distress that clinically impairs daily activities, is a significant but underrecognized issue in physical activity and health. While its physiological, psychological, and behavioral aspects have been studied, the genetic basis of exercise addiction remains poorly understood, requiring further investigation. The present study conducted a genome-wide association study of exercise addiction among elite Turkish wrestlers. Methods: The sample comprised 67 male wrestlers (34 freestyle wrestlers and 33 Greco-Roman wrestlers). Exercise addiction was assessed using the Exercise Addiction Scale. Whole-genome genotyping was performed using DNA microarray. Results: Using a genome-wide approach (p &lt; 1.0 \u00d7 10\u2212\u2075), we identified six suggestively significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with exercise addiction status. Of these, the high-addiction alleles of five SNPs (PRDM10 rs74345126, near PTPRU rs72652685, HADHB rs6745226, XIRP2 rs17614860, and near GAREM2 rs1025542) have previously been associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression or higher levels of physical activity. We also examined potential associations between the genetic markers previously linked to addiction-related traits such as obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and cigarette smoking, and personality traits linked to negative emotions including neuroticism. Using this candidate gene approach (p &lt; 0.05), we identified three additional SNPs associated with exercise addiction in the same direction of association (DEFB135 rs4841662, BCL11A rs7599488, and CSRNP3 rs1551336). Conclusions: The present study provides preliminary evidence for the genetic basis of exercise addiction, highlighting specific SNPs that may play a role in the development of this condition among elite wrestlers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15020102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T09:52:20Z","timestamp":1737539540000},"page":"102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genome-Wide Association Study of Exercise Addiction Among Elite Wrestlers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4026-9883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celal","family":"Bulgay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science Faculty, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An\u0131l","family":"Kasakolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00fcrker","family":"B\u0131y\u0131kl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Science Faculty, Marmara University, \u0130stanbul 34722, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyrani","family":"Koncagul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan H.","family":"Kazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6335-4020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ildus I.","family":"Ahmetov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia"},{"name":"Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9696-0433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet A.","family":"Ergun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8880-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2788-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attila","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, H-9026 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Physical Activity, Exercise, and Physical Fitness: Definitions and Distinctions for Health-Related Research","volume":"100","author":"Caspersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koeneke, A., Ponce, G., Troya-Balseca, J., Palomo, T., and Hoenicka, J. 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