{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:42:04Z","timestamp":1792226524526,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background\/Objectives: Primary and secondary brain tumours often hold devastating prognoses and low survival rates despite the application of maximal neurosurgical resection, and state-of-the-art radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One limiting factor in their management is that several antineoplastic agents are unable to cross the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumour microenvironment. Nanomedicine could hold the potential to become an effective means of drug delivery to overcome previous hurdles towards effective neuro-oncological treatments. (2) Methods: A scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and checklist was conducted using key terms input into PubMed to find articles that reflect emerging trends in the utilisation of nanomedicine in drug delivery for primary and secondary brain tumours. (3) Results: The review highlights various strategies by which different nanoparticles can be exploited to bypass the BBB; we provide a synthesis of the literature on the ongoing contributions to therapeutic protocols based on chemotherapy, immunotherapy, focused ultrasound, radiotherapy\/radiosurgery, and radio-immunotherapy. (4) Conclusions: The emerging trends summarised in this scoping review indicate encouraging advantageous properties of nanoparticles as potential effective drug delivery mechanisms; however, there are still nanotoxicity issues that largely remain to be addressed before the translation of these innovations from laboratory to clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15020136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T05:40:46Z","timestamp":1738215646000},"page":"136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Towards a New Dawn for Neuro-Oncology: Nanomedicine at the Service of Drug Delivery for Primary and Secondary Brain Tumours"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Smita","family":"Khilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 0AG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonina","family":"Dembinska-Kenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 0AG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 0AG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6703-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Syrmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco K. I.","family":"Ligarotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Medical Institute of Milan \u201cA. Mosso\u201d, Italian Air Force, 20138 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puneet","family":"Plaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 0AG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Apostolopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 0AG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Chibbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7760-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo","family":"Barbagallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico-S. Marco\u201d University Hospital, 95121 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8676-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Ganau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 0AG, UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862634","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/862634","article-title":"Management of Gliomas: Overview of the Latest Technological Advancements and Related Behavioral Drawbacks","volume":"2015","author":"Ganau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. 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