{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:53:21Z","timestamp":1760057601379,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common pharmaco-resistant type of epilepsy. The chance of obtaining seizure freedom after resective surgery in pharmaco-resistant mesial temporal lobe patients (mTLE) is significantly higher compared to pharmaceutical treatment (at least 50\u201360% compared to less than 15%). However, some factors (e.g., craniotomy) may prevent epilepsy patients undergoing surgery. A recent advancement in epilepsy surgery, i.e., magnetic resonance guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT), has become an attractive alternative for performance of selective amygdala-hippo-campectomy, especially because of its minimal invasiveness. Among other medial temporal lobe structures, the hippocampus is particularly important for successful processing of vestibular inputs. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether mTLE patients who underwent MRgLITT perform worse on vestibular-dependent tests, including balancing, spatial orientation and rotational memory. Methods: Nine patients (Age 40.1 \u00b1 14.5; 2 females) underwent vestibular-dependent assessments before and after MRgLITT using the following test battery: (I) clinical balancing test (CBT), (II) triangle completion test (TCT) and (III) rotational memory test (RM). Results: We found significant improvement from pre- to post-surgery in the vestibular-dependent spatial orientation test, namely in the wheelchair condition of the triangle completion test. Additionally, the obtained effect sizes were medium to large in favor of post-surgery assessment for the majority of conditions in the three tests applied in this study, indicating that the assessment of a larger number of patients could also, potentially, lead to significant results in these cases. Conclusions: This plausibility study is the first to assess vestibular-dependent balancing, spatial orientation and rotational memory functions before and after MRgLITT in mTLE patients. Even with a small sample of nine patients, significant changes and medium to high effect sizes in favor of surgery were observed. Nevertheless, prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary for appropriate estimation of MRgLITT effectiveness in these functional domains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15020181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T03:41:57Z","timestamp":1739331717000},"page":"181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vestibular-Dependent Functions Following MRgLITT\u2014A Single-Group Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7869-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milos","family":"Dordevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Degenerative and Chronic Diseases of the Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW), University Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiana Assady","family":"Looyeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0361-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friedhelm C.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5483-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Notger","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Degenerative and Chronic Diseases of the Faculty of Health Sciences (FGW), University Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32596-0","article-title":"Epilepsy in adults","volume":"393","author":"Thijs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31730-5","article-title":"Structural network alterations in focal and generalized epilepsy assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study follow axes of epilepsy risk gene expression","volume":"13","author":"Royer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab417","article-title":"Topographic divergence of atypical cortical asymmetry and atrophy patterns in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"145","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2610-z","article-title":"The Barnes Maze Task Reveals Specific Impairment of Spatial Learning Strategy in the Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"44","author":"Herrewegen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5402","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4699-08.2009","article-title":"Early deficits in spatial memory and theta rhythm in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"29","author":"Rafrafi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7511-13.1.26","article-title":"Spatial learning and memory\u2014What\u2019s tle got to do with it?","volume":"13","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1162\/089892904323057254","article-title":"Path integration deficits during linear locomotion after human medial temporal lobectomy","volume":"16","author":"Philbeck","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00140-8","article-title":"Path integration following temporal lobectomy in humans","volume":"39","author":"Worsley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamamoto, N., Philbeck, J.W., Woods, A.J., Gajewski, D.A., Arthur, J.C., Potolicchio, S.J., Levy, L., and Caputy, A.J. (2014). Medial temporal lobe roles in human path integration. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096583"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2006.08.002","article-title":"Balance performance in adult epilepsy patients","volume":"15","author":"Arlazoroff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.12.031","article-title":"Ictal EEG\/fMRI study of vertiginous seizures","volume":"68","author":"Morano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000077","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2020-000077","article-title":"Impairments in path integration, rotational memory and balancing in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Dordevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Neurol. Open"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.11.JNS231824","article-title":"Functional outcomes in MRI-guided laser interstitial therapy for temporal lobe epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Brenner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.07.194","article-title":"Surgical Outcomes of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Kerezoudis","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330979","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of mesial temporal laser interstitial thermal therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy and subsequent surgery for seizure recurrence: A multi-centre cohort study","volume":"94","author":"Youngerman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12860","article-title":"Better object recognition and naming outcome withMRI-guided stereotactic laser amygdalohippocampotomy for temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Drane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drane, D.L., Willie, J.T., Pedersen, N.P., Qiu, D., Voets, N.L., Millis, S.R., Soares, B.P., Saindane, A.M., Hu, R., and Kim, M.S. (2021). Superior Verbal Memory Outcome After Stereotactic Laser Amygdalohippocampotomy. Front. Neurol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.779495"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2015.1025382","article-title":"Non-invasive EEG evaluation in epilepsy diagnosis","volume":"15","author":"Rosenow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s10309-020-00313-z","article-title":"Stereotactic laser thermal ablation of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with right hippocampal sclerosis\u2014Patient decision-making, realization and visualization of memory function","volume":"33","author":"Schmitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Z. Epileptol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dordevic, M., H\u00f6kelmann, A., M\u00fcller, P., Rehfeld, K., and M\u00fcller, N.G. (2017). Improvements in Orientation and Balancing Abilities in Response to One Month of Intensive Slackline-Training. A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00055"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dordevic, M., Sulzer, S., Barche, D., Dieterich, M., Arens, C., and M\u00fcller, N.G. (2021). Chronic, Mild Vestibulopathy Leads to Deficits in Spatial Tasks That Rely on Vestibular Input While Leaving Other Cognitive Functions and Brain Volumes Intact. Life, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11121369"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s10309-019-00302-x","article-title":"Factors predicting 10-year seizure freedom after temporal lobe resection: A monocentric, continuous extra-long-term evaluation","volume":"33","author":"Schmitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Z. Epileptol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-332702","article-title":"Interstitial laser ablation for epilepsy: Beauty lies in the eye of the beholder","volume":"94","author":"Issa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.15565","article-title":"Effects of surgical targeting in laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: A multicenter study of 234 patients","volume":"60","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Sideman, N., He, X., Kim, N.Y., Sperling, M., and Sharan, A. (2024, May 22). Lateralization-of-Visual-Spatial-Memory-in-Temporal-Lobe-Epilepsy-Displays-Adaptive-Reorganization. Available online: https:\/\/aesnet.org\/abstractslisting\/lateralization-of-visual-spatial-memory-in-temporal-lobe-epilepsy-displays-adaptive-reorganization."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2018.01.021","article-title":"Mammillary body changes and seizure outcome after laser interstitial thermal therapy of the mesial temporal lobe","volume":"141","author":"Grewal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16846","article-title":"Comparison of minimally invasive and traditional surgical approaches for refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes","volume":"62","author":"Kohlhase","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2017.09.016","article-title":"MRI-Guided stereotactic laser ablation for epilepsy surgery: Promising preliminary results for cognitive outcome","volume":"142","author":"Drane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.10.025","article-title":"Risk factors for spatial memory impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"26","author":"Amlerova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000502701","article-title":"Mechanisms and Risk Factors Contributing to Visual Field Deficits following Stereotactic Laser Amygdalohippocampotomy","volume":"97","author":"Voets","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ster. Funct. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000910","article-title":"Levetiracetam reduces abnormal network activations in temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"83","author":"Wandschneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/15\/2\/181\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:31:40Z","timestamp":1760027500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/15\/2\/181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci15020181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci15020181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-3425"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]}}}