{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:09:59Z","timestamp":1785812999675,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objective: Primary Progressive Aphasias (PPAs) are rare neurodegenerative disorders classified within frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and typically manifest between 45 and 70 years of age. In Mexico\u2014and many other countries\u2014reliable epidemiological data are lacking; however, estimates suggest that PPA accounts for 0.5\u20132.5% of neurodegenerative disease cases in Memory Clinics, with an incidence of approximately 1 per 100,000 and an average survival of 8 years. This review aims to provide clinicians with an overview of PPA\u2019s epidemiology, clinical features, and classification, thereby enhancing understanding of its subtypes and distinguishing characteristics from other aphasic conditions, such as vascular aphasia. Methods: This narrative review was conducted through a literature search using databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Relevant studies addressing the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and classification of PPA were identified, selected, and synthesized to offer a broad, clinically oriented overview of the condition. This approach was chosen to inform clinical practice and highlight the need for further targeted investigations, such as future systematic reviews focusing on specific aspects like therapeutic strategies. Key Contents and Findings: (a) Epidemiology: PPA is estimated to affect 0.5\u20132.5% of patients with neurodegenerative diseases in Memory Clinics, with an incidence of roughly 1 per 100,000. Average survival time is around 8 years (ranging from 3 to 17 years), with a generally balanced gender ratio, though some studies indicate a predominance of men. A positive family history is observed in 20\u201340% of cases, with about 10% following an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. (b) Clinical Characteristics and Classification: PPA is marked by a gradual decline in language abilities, differentiating it from vascular aphasias. Subtypes include non-fluent forms (non-fluent progressive aphasia [nfPPA] and logopenic progressive aphasia [lPPA]), fluent forms (progressive fluent aphasia [PFA] and semantic dementia [SD]), and mixed forms (progressive mixed aphasia [PMA]). The neurodegenerative process in PPA extends beyond vascular boundaries, often resulting in presentations that deviate from classical Broca\u2019s and Wernicke\u2019s aphasias. Common symptoms include difficulties in word finding and naming, sometimes mistaken for memory loss, and, in the case of semantic dementia, personality changes that may go unnoticed by the patient. Conclusions: PPA is a heterogeneous and complex group of neurodegenerative disorders with significant clinical variability and a profound impact on patients and their families. While current epidemiological data are limited, this review emphasizes the need for further research to better delineate disease progression and refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Future systematic reviews will be essential to address specific aspects of PPA, such as treatment strategies, to further improve patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15030245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T07:45:08Z","timestamp":1740469508000},"page":"245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Primary Progressive Aphasias: Diagnosis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7054-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genaro Gabriel","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, and Molecular Biology Service in Medicine HC, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Usigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick R.","family":"Nava-Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2299-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Jirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8321-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Mireles-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribel","family":"Orozco-Barajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program on Biosciences, Health Department, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7602-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis E.","family":"Becerra-Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program on Biosciences, Health Department, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Clinical Department, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program on Biosciences, Health Department, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Clinical Department, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitl\u00e1n de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.91","article-title":"Primary progressive aphasia","volume":"49","author":"Mesulam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. 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