{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T23:16:20Z","timestamp":1792883780382,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of conditions that arise early in development and are characterized by deficits in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. These disorders frequently co-occur and include conditions such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mood disorders (MDs), such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, also pose significant global health challenges due to their high prevalence and substantial impact on quality of life. Emerging evidence highlights overlapping neurobiological mechanisms between NDDs and MDs, including shared genetic susceptibilities, neurotransmitter dysregulation (e.g., dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways), neuroinflammation, and hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Environmental factors such as early-life adversity further exacerbate these vulnerabilities, contributing to the complexity of their clinical presentation and comorbidity. Functional neuroimaging studies reveal altered connectivity in brain regions critical for emotional regulation and executive function, such as the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, across these disorders. Despite these advances, integrative diagnostic frameworks and targeted therapeutic strategies remain underexplored, limiting effective intervention. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the shared neurobiological underpinnings of NDDs and MDs, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary research, including genetic, pharmacological, and psychological approaches, for unified diagnosis and treatment. Addressing these intersections can improve clinical outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by these disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15030307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T04:29:18Z","timestamp":1741926558000},"page":"307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Neurobiological Relationships Between Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Mood Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0160-4079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Gollo","family":"Bertollo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5206-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Ferreira","family":"Puntel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapec\u00f3 89815-899, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brunna Varela","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapec\u00f3 89815-899, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Contemporary Cultural Studies, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiab\u00e1 78060-900, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9263-4980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarete Dulce","family":"Bagatini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Culture Laboratory, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapec\u00f3 89815-899, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1417-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuleide Maria","family":"Ign\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Psychopathology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapec\u00f3 89815-899, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Zhao, S., Zhang, M., Xiang, M., Zhao, J., Chen, S., Wang, H., Han, L., and Ran, J. 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