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Methods: We investigated the cortical activation pattern of 57 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 67 healthy controls (HCs) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during prepared walking (PW) and single walking (SW) tasks. The study focused on assessing brain activity in four regions of interest (ROIs): the prefrontal cortex (PFC), primary motor cortex, secondary motor cortex, and parietal lobe. Additionally, we examined the behavioral performance\u2014gait speed\u2014during the tasks, analyzed variations in cortical activation intensity, and conducted correlation analyses between Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, gait speed, and oxygenation levels. Results: There was no significant difference in gait speed between patients with MCI and HCs. The MCI group exhibited lower activation in the primary motor cortex, secondary motor cortex, and parietal regions compared to HCs during the motor execution stage of PW (q &lt; 0.05, FDR-corrected). Additionally, activation in the primary (r = 0.23, p = 0.02) and secondary motor cortices (r = 0.19, p = 0.04) during the motor execution stage of PW correlated significantly with MoCA scores. Furthermore, brain activity in the PFC (r = 0.22, p = 0.02), primary motor cortex (r = 0.22, p = 0.01), secondary motor cortex (r = 0.20, p = 0.02), and parietal lobe (r = 0.19, p = 0.03) during the motor preparation stage of gait was positively correlated with gait speed. Conclusions: Our results revealed that preparing for motor tasks modulated the neural activation patterns of patients with MCI and HCs without affecting their behavioral performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15040333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T07:46:50Z","timestamp":1742802410000},"page":"333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Brain Activation During Motor Preparation and Execution in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: An fNIRS Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0755-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanfei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6386-8083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haozheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangtong","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4955-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3364-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e661","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30185-7","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: A cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"28","article-title":"Progression and predictors of mild cognitive impairment in Chinese elderly: A prospective follow-up in the shanghai aging study","volume":"4","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 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