{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:57:29Z","timestamp":1793429849813,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":268,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR206721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre","award":["NIHR206721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206721"]}]},{"name":"Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust","award":["NIHR206721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206721"]}]},{"name":"King\u2019s College London","award":["NIHR206721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206721"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Mental Health Research Groups (MHRG)","award":["NIHR206721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206721"]}]},{"name":"NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South London (NIHR ARC South London)","award":["NIHR206721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206721"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: Cue exposure therapy (CET) is a promising treatment approach for cocaine substance use disorder (SUD). CET specifically targets the psychological and physiological responses elicited by drug-related cues, aiming to reduce their motivational impact. To advance understanding of CET for cocaine treatment, this systematic review aims to categorise the range of cocaine cues used in research. Methods: A systematic review of the existing literature with searches conducted on PubMed and Web of Science bibliographic databases with no time constraints in August 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42024554361). Three reviewers were independently involved in the screening, review and data extraction process, in line with PRISMA guidelines. Data extracted included participant demographics, study design, data on the cocaine cue task, and examples (if provided). Each study was appraised and received a quality score. The secondary outcome was to summarise examples for each category type identified. The data are presented as a narrative synthesis. Results: 3600 articles were identified and screened. 235 articles were included in the analysis. Cues identified included images, paraphernalia, drug-related words, cocaine smell, auditory stimuli presented via audiotapes, video recordings, scripts, and virtual reality environments, often combining multiple modalities. Included studies recruited cocaine-dependent individuals, recreational users, polydrug users, and non-cocaine-using controls. The sample sizes of the studies ranged from a single case study to a study including 1974 participants. Conclusions: This review found that studies employed a wide range of cue categories, but detailed examples were often lacking, limiting replication. The number and combination of cues varied: some studies used only cocaine-related images, while others included images, videos, physical items, and audiotapes. The level of immersion and personalisation also differed considerably. All studies used cocaine-specific cues, most commonly images or representations of cocaine substance, cocaine use or drug paraphernalia, drug preparation items, or conversations of cocaine use and its effects. The overall quality of the included studies was deemed good, with all adhering to standard research norms. While this review highlights the breath of cue types used in the literature, further research should focus on enhancing cue exposure techniques by incorporating more immersive and personalised stimuli, and by providing clearer documentation of cue characteristics to support replication and clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15060626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T12:53:16Z","timestamp":1749559996000},"page":"626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cocaine Cues Used in Experimental Research: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8464-4847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen","family":"Brobbin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9137-5005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Lowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3788-7197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Copello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7704-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Coulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Service Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Drummond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Glautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceyda","family":"Kiyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8020-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Research (CAMHR), Faculty of Health Science, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7987-6619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team PPI Advisory Board Group, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Valmaggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team PPI Advisory Board Group, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Deluca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (2023). Deaths Related to Drug Poisoning in England and Wales 2022 Registrations, Office for National Statistics."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711003010049","article-title":"Review of treatment for cocaine dependence","volume":"3","author":"Penberthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Abus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization) (2024). Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders, WHO (World Health Organization)."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) (2023). Global Report on Cocaine 2023 Local Dynamics, Global Challenges, UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (ONS) (2024). Deaths Related to Drug Poisoning in England and Wales: 2023 Registrations, Office for National Statistics."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"100549","article-title":"Towards virtual reality exposure therapy for cocaine use disorder: A feasibility study of inducing cocaine craving through virtual reality","volume":"19","author":"Lehoux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addict. Behav. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01685.x","article-title":"Conditioned learning in alcohol dependence: Implications for cue exposure treatment","volume":"85","author":"Drummond","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.961333.x","article-title":"Theories of drug craving, ancient and modern","volume":"96","author":"Drummond","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00014.x","article-title":"Applying extinction research and theory to cue-exposure addiction treatments","volume":"97","author":"Conklin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"57","article-title":"Virtual reality cue exposure therapy for the treatment of tobacco dependence","volume":"5","author":"Culbertson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cyber Ther. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9978","article-title":"Cue-exposure therapy to decrease alcohol craving in virtual environment","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2004.7.705","article-title":"Nicotine Craving and Cue Exposure Therapy by Using Virtual Environments","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Serrano, O., Ghi\u0163\u0103, A., Figueras-Puigderrajols, N., Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz, J., Monras, M., Ortega, L., Mondon, S., Teixidor, L., Gual, A., and Ugas-Ballester, L. (2020). Predictors of changes in alcohol craving levels during a virtual reality cue exposure treatment among patients with alcohol use disorder. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9093018"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00157-0","article-title":"Trauma and substance cue reactivity in individuals with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and cocaine or alcohol dependence","volume":"65","author":"Coffey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hone-Blanchet, A., Wensing, T., and Fecteau, S. (2014). The use of virtual reality in craving assessment and cue-exposure therapy in substance use disorders. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00844"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/bin.219","article-title":"The efficacy of cue exposure with response prevention in extinguishing drug and alcohol cue reactivity","volume":"22","author":"Havermans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Interv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.03.036","article-title":"Preclinical validation of a novel cocaine exposure therapy for relapse prevention","volume":"70","author":"Mihindou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000097968","article-title":"Cue exposure therapy for the treatment of opiate addiction: Results of a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"76","author":"Marissen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Drummond, C., Tiffany, S., Glautier, S., and Remington, B. (1995). Cue Exposure in UNDERSTANDING and Treating Addictive Behaviours, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107578","article-title":"The efficacy of cue exposure therapy on alcohol use disorders: A quantitative meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"139","author":"Kiyak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"161","article-title":"Application of Virtual Reality-Cue Exposure Therapy for Reducing Alcohol Craving","volume":"4","author":"Kwon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. CyberTher. Telemed."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.009","article-title":"Impact of DCS-facilitated cue exposure therapy on brain activation to cocaine cues in cocaine dependence","volume":"132","author":"Prisciandaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2174\/1874941001003010092","article-title":"Progress in Cue Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Addictive Disorders: A Review Update","volume":"3","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Addict. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1240","article-title":"Association of Drug Cues and Craving with Drug Use and Relapse: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Vafaie","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.07.006","article-title":"Cue exposure therapy for the treatment of alcohol use disorders: A meta-analytic review","volume":"57","author":"Mellentin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghi\u0163\u0103, A., Hern\u00e1ndez-Serrano, O., Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz, J., Moreno, M., Monras, M., Ortega, L., Mondon, S., Teixidor, L., Gual, A., and Gacto-Sanchez, M. (2021). Attentional Bias, Alcohol Craving, and Anxiety Implications of the Virtual Reality Cue-Exposure Therapy in Severe Alcohol Use Disorder: A Case Report. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.543586"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05508.x","article-title":"Obesity interventions for people with a learning disability: An integrative literature review","volume":"67","author":"Jinks","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000034","article-title":"A systematic review of community opioid overdose prevention and naloxone distribution programs","volume":"8","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02661.x","article-title":"Bromocriptine and cocaine cue reactivity in cocaine-dependent patients","volume":"87","author":"Kranzler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103490","article-title":"Accumbal-thalamic connectivity and associated glutamate alterations in human cocaine craving: A state-dependent rs-fMRI and 1H-MRS study","volume":"39","author":"Engeli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000194624.07611.5e","article-title":"The efficacy of olanzapine for decreasing cue-elicited craving in individuals with schizophrenia and cocaine dependence: A preliminary report","volume":"26","author":"Smelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(92)90009-K","article-title":"Using cue reactivity to screen medications for cocaine abuse: A test of amantadine hydrochloride","volume":"17","author":"Robbins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2016.1151523","article-title":"The efficacy of attention bias modification therapy in cocaine use disorders","volume":"42","author":"Mayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2019.03.011","article-title":"The effect of N-acetylcysteine and working memory training on neural mechanisms of working memory and cue reactivity in regular cocaine users","volume":"287","author":"Schulte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050871","article-title":"Short-term treatment with citicoline (CDP-choline) attenuates some measures of craving in cocaine-dependent subjects: A preliminary report","volume":"142","author":"Renshaw","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.12.022","article-title":"The effects of exogenous progesterone on drug craving and stress arousal in cocaine dependence: Impact of gender and cue type","volume":"38","author":"Fox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.08.009","article-title":"The effects of subanesthetic ketamine infusions on motivation to quit and cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent research volunteers","volume":"76","author":"Dakwar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(87)90086-2","article-title":"Single-Dose Bromocriptine Reverses Cocaine Craving","volume":"20","author":"Dackis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.017","article-title":"Sex differences in guanfacine effects on stress-induced stroop performance in cocaine dependence","volume":"179","author":"Milivojevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.1","article-title":"Sex differences in guanfacine effects on drug craving and stress arousal in cocaine-dependent individuals","volume":"39","author":"Fox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000306","article-title":"Randomized Controlled Trial of D-Cycloserine in Cocaine Dependence: Effects on Contingency Management and Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving in a Naturalistic Setting","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.008","article-title":"Prospective associations between brain activation to cocaine and no-go cues and cocaine relapse","volume":"131","author":"Prisciandaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milivojevic, V., Charron, L., Fogelman, N., Hermes, G., and Sinha, R. (2022). Pregnenolone Reduces Stress-Induced Craving, Anxiety, and Autonomic Arousal in Individuals with Cocaine Use Disorder. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12111593"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5038","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4977-13.2014","article-title":"Nipping cue reactivity in the bud: Baclofen prevents limbic activation elicited by subliminal drug cues","volume":"34","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199408000-00007","article-title":"Nimodipine pharmacotherapeutic adjuvant therapy for inpatient treatment of cocaine dependence","volume":"17","author":"Rosse","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.04.006","article-title":"Neurophysiological effects of modafinil on cue-exposure in cocaine dependence: A randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study using pharmacological fMRI","volume":"38","author":"Goudriaan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"249","article-title":"Neural correlates of oxytocin and cue-reactivity in cocaine-dependent men and women with and without childhood trauma HHS Public Access","volume":"237","author":"Joseph","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psyhcopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108429","article-title":"Multi-session electrical neuromodulation effects on craving, relapse and cognitive functions in cocaine use disorder: A randomized, sham-controlled tDCS study","volume":"217","author":"Verveer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2017.11.001","article-title":"Impact of endogenous progesterone on reactivity to yohimbine and cocaine cues in cocaine-dependent women","volume":"165","author":"Maria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00743.x","article-title":"Motivational enhancement and coping skills training for cocaine abusers: Effects on substance use outcomes","volume":"99","author":"Rohsenow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.01.039","article-title":"Memory-Focused Cognitive Therapy for Cocaine Use Disorder: Theory, Procedures and Preliminary Evidence From an External Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"29","author":"Marsden","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2014.945590","article-title":"Impact of acute guanfacine administration on stress and cue reactivity in cocaine-dependent individuals","volume":"41","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111430746","article-title":"Guanfacine effects on stress, drug craving and prefrontal activation in cocaine dependent individuals: Preliminary findings","volume":"26","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.008","article-title":"Gender differences in cue exposure reactivity and 9-month outcome","volume":"27","author":"Sterling","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-200037542","article-title":"Fluoxetine attenuates adrenocortical but not subjective responses to cocaine cues","volume":"30","author":"Harris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199411000-00016","article-title":"Experimental Manipulation of Cocaine Craving by Videotaped Environmental Cues","volume":"87","author":"Kilgus","year":"1994","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.12.008","article-title":"Effects of progesterone stimulated allopregnanolone on craving and stress response in cocaine dependent men and women","volume":"65","author":"Milivojevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000169","article-title":"Effects of Prereactivation Propranolol on Cocaine Craving Elicited by Imagery Script\/Cue Sets in Opioid-dependent Polydrug Users: A Randomized Study","volume":"9","author":"Jobes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00134-8","article-title":"Effects of naltrexone on cue-elicited craving for alcohol and cocaine","volume":"49","author":"Burleson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2019.1671437","article-title":"Effects of attentional bias modification therapy on the cue reactivity and cognitive control networks in participants with cocaine use disorders","volume":"46","author":"Mayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881113492898","article-title":"Effects of escitalopram on attentional bias to cocaine-related stimuli and inhibitory control in cocaine-dependent subjects","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.022","article-title":"Drug Stroop: Mechanisms of response to computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for cocaine dependence in a randomized clinical trial","volume":"183","author":"DeVito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199504000-00009","article-title":"Diethylpropion Pharmacotherapeutic Adjuvant Therapy for Inpatient Treatment of Cocaine Dependence: A Test of the Cocaine-Agonist Hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Alim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12191","article-title":"D-cycloserine combined with cue exposure therapy fails to attenuate subjective and physiological craving in cocaine dependence","volume":"24","author":"Prisciandaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145714000522","article-title":"Cognitive related electrophysiological changes induced by non-invasive cortical electrical stimulation in crack-cocaine addiction","volume":"17","author":"Conti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990903384332","article-title":"D-cycloserine and cocaine cue reactivity: Preliminary findings","volume":"35","author":"Price","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300851","article-title":"Cue-induced brain activity changes and relapse in cocaine-dependent patients","volume":"31","author":"Kosten","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"8","article-title":"Clavulanic Acid Decreases Cocaine Cue Reactivity in Addiction-Related Brain Areas, a Randomized fMRI Pilot Study","volume":"8","author":"Callans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2230-7","article-title":"Clonidine blocks stress-induced craving in cocaine users","volume":"218","author":"Jobes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2020-1416","article-title":"Cannabidiol for the treatment of crack-cocaine craving: An exploratory double-blind study","volume":"43","author":"Crippa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(95)01165-3","article-title":"Carbamazepine and cocaine-cue reactivity","volume":"39","author":"Hersh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15417","article-title":"Cannabidiol as a treatment for craving and relapse in individuals with cocaine use disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"116","author":"Brissette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15405","article-title":"Acute impact of self-guided mental imagery on craving in cocaine use disorder: A mixed-methods analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"116","author":"Lowry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"313","article-title":"AMPT Effects on Cue-Induced Craving for Cocaine","volume":"5","author":"Petrakis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2016.1173682","article-title":"A two-week pilot study of intranasal oxytocin for cocaine-dependent individuals receiving methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder","volume":"24","author":"Stauffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addict. Res. Theory"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-01934-w","article-title":"A serotonergic biobehavioral signature differentiates cocaine use disorder participants administered mirtazapine","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2012.0052","article-title":"A pilot study of qigong for reducing cocaine craving early in recovery","volume":"19","author":"Smelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Altern. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2592-x","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory study of the effects of d-cycloserine on craving in cocaine-dependent individuals","volume":"226","author":"Price","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3039-3","article-title":"A double blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of post-retrieval propranolol on reconsolidation of memory for craving and cue reactivity in cocaine dependent humans","volume":"226","author":"Saladin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.014","article-title":"A pilot investigation of acute inhibitory control training in cocaine users","volume":"174","author":"Alcorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.009","article-title":"A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of risperidone for decreasing cue-elicited craving in recently withdrawn cocaine dependent patients","volume":"27","author":"Smelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bin.146","article-title":"Evaluating the relative effectiveness of three aversion therapies designed to reduce craving among cocaine abusers","volume":"19","author":"Bordnick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Interv."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(96)01278-1","article-title":"Failure of ritanserin to block cocaine cue reactivity in humans","volume":"42","author":"Ehrman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"121","article-title":"Haloperidol antagonism of cue-elicited cocaine craving","volume":"139","author":"Berger","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(98)00076-1","article-title":"A Nicotine Antagonist, Mecamylamine, Reduces Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving in Cocaine-Dependent Subjects","volume":"20","author":"Reid","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00144-0","article-title":"An acute dose of nicotine enhances cue-induced cocaine craving","volume":"49","author":"Reid","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209184","article-title":"A thematic analysis of stress, substance-cue, and neutral\/relaxing events to inform approaches for improving treatment among Black adults who use substances","volume":"156","author":"Haeny","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use Addict. Treat."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1300\/J251v08n02_04","article-title":"Experience with the cocaine trigger inventory","volume":"8","author":"Shulman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Adv. Alcohol Subst. Abus."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-86922012000200002","article-title":"The use of cooperative games to treat crack-dependent patients hospitalized at a detoxifcation unit","volume":"18","author":"Alves","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Med. Esporte"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1590\/0101-60830000000061","article-title":"Induction and comparison of craving for tobacco, marijuana and crack","volume":"42","author":"Araujo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1127","article-title":"Behavioral arousal in response to stress and drug cue in alcohol and cocaine addicted individuals versus healthy controls","volume":"25","author":"Chaplin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2017.1360535","article-title":"Increased Depression and Anxiety Symptoms are Associated with More Breakdowns in Cognitive Control to Cocaine Cues in Veterans with Cocaine Use Disorder","volume":"13","author":"DiGirolamo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dual Diagn."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490701375285","article-title":"An fMRI study of the interaction of stress and cocaine cues on cocaine craving in cocaine-dependent men","volume":"16","author":"Duncan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.77","article-title":"Cocaine cue-induced dopamine release in amygdala and hippocampus: A high-resolution PET 18Fallypride study in cocaine dependent participants","volume":"38","author":"Fotros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.11.1789","article-title":"Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving: Neuroanatomical Specificity for Drug Users and Drug Stimuli","volume":"157","author":"Garavan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.08.016","article-title":"Increased electroencephalographic activity in crack-cocaine users visualizing crack cues","volume":"83","author":"Moscon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.150","article-title":"Modeling Causal Relationship between Brain Regions Within the Drug-Cue Processing Network in Chronic Cocaine Smokers","volume":"40","author":"Ray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940303400305","article-title":"Quantitative Electroencephalographic Studies of Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving","volume":"34","author":"Reid","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Electroencephalogr."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300888","article-title":"Topographic imaging of quantitative EEG in response to smoked cocaine self-administration in humans","volume":"31","author":"Reid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.06.025","article-title":"Cocaine cue versus cocaine dosing in humans: Evidence for distinct neurophysiological response profiles","volume":"91","author":"Reid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.02.010","article-title":"Valproate treatment and cocaine cue reactivity in cocaine dependent individuals","volume":"102","author":"Reid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"981","article-title":"Anxiety and pupil reactivity in cocaine dependent subjects endorsing cocaine-induced paranoia: Preliminary report","volume":"90","author":"Rosse","year":"1995","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.9.1.91","article-title":"Preattentive and Attentive Eye Movements During Visual Scanning of a Cocaine Cue: Correlation With Intensity of Cocaine C ravings","volume":"9","author":"Rosse","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.01.004","article-title":"A preliminary report on the use of virtual reality technology to elicit craving and cue reactivity in cocaine dependent individuals","volume":"31","author":"Saladin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000289","article-title":"A case report illustrating the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cue-induced craving in an individual with opioid and cocaine use disorder","volume":"28","author":"Mahoney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gervilla, M., L\u00e9cuyer, F., Lehoux, T., Anthouard, J., Weiner, L., Porche, C., and Capobianco, A. (2022, January 11\u201314). Design of a Virtual Cocaine Consumption Scenario for Craving Study. Proceedings of the The 10th IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics, Rochester, MN, USA. Available online: https:\/\/vimeo.com\/568320310.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICHI54592.2022.00046"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Zhornitsky, S., Angarita, G.A., and Li, C.R. (2020). Hypothalamic response to cocaine cues and cocaine addiction severity. Addict. Biol., 25.","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12682"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108240","article-title":"Cue-elicited functional connectivity of the periaqueductal gray and tonic cocaine craving","volume":"216","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyz044","article-title":"Hypothalamic Responses to Cocaine and Food Cues in Individuals with Cocaine Dependence","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.009","article-title":"Enhanced cue reactivity and fronto-striatal functional connectivity in cocaine use disorders","volume":"115","author":"Wilcox","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12162","article-title":"Effects of childhood maltreatment on the neural correlates of stress- and drug cue-induced cocaine craving","volume":"20","author":"Elton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.05.011","article-title":"Neural correlates of craving and impulsivity in abstinent former cocaine users: Towards biomarkers of relapse risk","volume":"85","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12545","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of extinguishing drug pleasant cue associations in human addiction: Role of the VMPFC","volume":"24","author":"Konova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.641","article-title":"Cocaine Craving as a Predictor of Treatment Attrition and Outcomes After Residential Treatment for Cocaine Dependence*","volume":"68","author":"Rohsenow","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.2.233","article-title":"The Neural Correlates of Cue-Induced Craving in Cocaine-Dependent Women","volume":"161","author":"Kilts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000538599","article-title":"Sex-Dependent Differences in the Neural Correlates of Cocaine and Emotional Cue-Reactivity in Regular Cocaine Users and Non-Drug-Using Controls: Understanding the Role of Duration and Severity of Use","volume":"30","author":"Tap","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Addict. Res."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10027","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0695-13.2013","article-title":"Gene \u00d7 abstinence effects on drug cue reactivity in addiction: Multimodal evidence","volume":"33","author":"Moeller","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/10874208.2010.501498","article-title":"Neurofeedback effects on evoked and induced EEG gamma band reactivity to drug-related Cues in Cocaine addiction","volume":"14","author":"Horrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.4.334","article-title":"Neural Activity Related to Drug Craving in Cocaine Addiction","volume":"58","author":"Kilts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.12.009","article-title":"Neural mechanisms underlying drug-related cue distraction in active cocaine users","volume":"93","author":"Hester","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2012941118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2012941118","article-title":"Attention bias modification in drug addiction: Enhancing control of subsequent habits","volume":"118","author":"Parvaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"599","article-title":"Transdiagnostic Effects of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cue Reactivity","volume":"3","author":"Dowdle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Amour-Horvat, V., Cox, S.M.L., Dagher, A., Kolivakis, T., Jaworska, N., and Leyton, M. (2022). Cocaine cue-induced mesocorticolimbic activation in cocaine users: Effects of personality traits, lifetime drug use, and acute stimulant ingestion. Addict. Biol., 27.","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13094"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.048","article-title":"Sex differences in brain activation during stress imagery in abstinent cocaine users: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106834","article-title":"Initial orientation vs maintenance of attention: Relationship with the severity of dependence and therapeutic outcome in a sample of cocaine use disorder patients","volume":"116","author":"Lozano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Childress, A.R., Ehrman, R.N., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Sciortino, N., Hakun, J., and O\u2019Brien, C.P. (2008). Prelude to passion: Limbic activation by \u201cunseen\u201d drug and sexual cues. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001506"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4978-5","article-title":"Contribution of cocaine-related cues to concurrent monetary choice in humans","volume":"235","author":"Strickland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1559848","article-title":"Reliability and validity evidence of a new interpretation bias task in patients diagnosed with drug use disorder: A preliminary study of the Word Association Task for Drug Use Disorder (WAT-DUD)","volume":"45","author":"Lozano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regier, P.S., Jagannathan, K., Franklin, T.R., Wetherill, R.R., Langleben, D.D., Gawyrsiak, M., Kampman, K.M., and Childress, A.R. (2021). Sustained brain response to repeated drug cues is associated with poor drug-use outcomes. Addict. Biol., 26.","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13028"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.02.015","article-title":"Enhanced Choice for Viewing Cocaine Pictures in Cocaine Addiction","volume":"66","author":"Moeller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00054-9","article-title":"Dissociation between subjective and behavioral responses after cocaine stimuli presentations 1","volume":"47","author":"Hatsukami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-7-14","article-title":"Effects of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation on drug use and responses to cue-induced craving: A pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Penetar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03508.x","article-title":"Cocaine-related attentional bias following trauma cue exposure among cocaine dependent in-patients with and without post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"106","author":"Tull","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"1127","article-title":"State-dependent effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex continuous thetaburst stimulation on cocaine cue reactivity in chronic cocaine users","volume":"10","author":"Dowdle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2181","article-title":"Incubation of cue-induced craving in adults addicted to cocaine measured by electroencephalography","volume":"73","author":"Parvaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.05.018","article-title":"The impact of opioid-stimulant co-use on tonic and cue-induced craving","volume":"164","author":"Hochheimer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00937-9","article-title":"Noradrenergic correlates of chronic cocaine craving: Neuromelanin and functional brain imaging","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12824","article-title":"Alcohol Administration Increases Cocaine Craving But Not Cocaine Cue Attentional Bias","volume":"39","author":"Marks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000180","article-title":"Regulation of Cocaine Craving by Cognitive Strategies in an Online Sample of Cocaine Users","volume":"30","author":"Strickland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2012.00446.x","article-title":"Brain activation to cocaine cues and motivation\/treatment status","volume":"19","author":"Prisciandaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(92)90025-8","article-title":"Cue-evoked arousal in cocaine users: A study of variance and predictive value","volume":"30","author":"Negrete","year":"1992","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2013.875552","article-title":"Memory for drug-related visual stimuli in young adult, cocaine-dependent polydrug users","volume":"40","author":"Ray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0220-9","article-title":"Cortical substrates of cue-reactivity in multiple substance dependent populations: Transdiagnostic relevance of the medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"8","author":"Hanlon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.059","article-title":"Dopamine increases in striatum do not elicit craving in cocaine abusers unless they are coupled with cocaine cues","volume":"39","author":"Volkow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110401800412","article-title":"Two new neurophysiological indices of cocaine craving: Evoked brain potentials and cue modulated startle reflex","volume":"18","author":"Franken","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108929","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptom clusters differentially predict late positive potential to cocaine imagery cues in trauma-exposed adults with cocaine use disorder","volume":"227","author":"Webber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12635","article-title":"Fixation time is a sensitive measure of cocaine cue attentional bias","volume":"109","author":"Marks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.07.006","article-title":"Anti-saccade error rates as a measure of attentional bias in cocaine dependent subjects","volume":"292","author":"Dias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaag, A.M., Reneman, L., Homberg, J., van den Brink, W., and van Wingen, G.A. (2018). Enhanced amygdala-striatal functional connectivity during the processing of cocaine cues in male cocaine users with a history of childhood trauma. Front. Psychiatry., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00070"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-012-9313-6","article-title":"Women inmate substance abusers\u2019 reactivity to visual alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and crack-cocaine cues: Approach and avoidance as separate dimensions of reactivity","volume":"35","author":"Schlauch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/10874200802502185","article-title":"Attentional Bias to drug- and Stress-related pictorial cues in cocaine addiction comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"12","author":"Sokhadze","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.784","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of eye tracking during the visual probe task in cocaine-using adults","volume":"145","author":"Marks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00100.x","article-title":"Cocaine craving is associated with electrophysiological brain responses to cocaine-related stimuli","volume":"13","author":"Franken","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alcorn, J.L., Strickland, J.C., Lile, J.A., Stoops, W.W., and Rush, C.R. (2020). Acute methylphenidate administration reduces cocaine-cue attentional bias. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 103.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109974"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.004","article-title":"Drug-related stimuli impair inhibitory control in cocaine abusers","volume":"133","author":"Pike","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw026","article-title":"Cigarette cue attentional bias in cocaine- smoking and non-cocaine-using cigarette smokers","volume":"18","author":"Marks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-017-0364-8","article-title":"Callous-Unemotional Traits Modulate Brain Drug Craving Response in High-Risk Young Offenders","volume":"46","author":"Vincent","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000084","article-title":"The magnitude of drug attentional bias is specific to substance use disorder","volume":"29","author":"Marks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2016.1168445","article-title":"The Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties in the Relation Between PTSD Symptoms and the Learned Association Between Trauma-Related and Cocaine Cues","volume":"51","author":"Tull","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahoney, J.J., Haut, M.W., Carpenter, J., Ranjan, M., Thompson-Lake, D.G.Y., Marton, J.L., Zheng, W., Berry, J.H., Tirumalai, P., and Mears, A. (2023). Low-intensity focused ultrasound targeting the nucleus accumbens as a potential treatment for substance use disorder: Safety and feasibility clinical trial. Front. Psychiatry, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1211566"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12666","article-title":"The relationship between years of cocaine use and brain activation to cocaine and response inhibition cues","volume":"109","author":"Prisciandaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1928-1","article-title":"Event-related potentials indicate motivational relevance of cocaine cues in abstinent cocaine addicts","volume":"177","author":"Licht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.08.011","article-title":"An investigation of the relationship between borderline personality disorder and cocaine-related attentional bias following trauma cue exposure: The moderating role of gender","volume":"55","author":"Bardeen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.005","article-title":"Attentional bias toward alcohol stimuli as a predictor of treatment retention in cocaine dependence and alcohol user patients","volume":"182","author":"Moraleda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150358","article-title":"Abstinence reverses EEG-indexed attention bias between drug-related and pleasant stimuli in cocaine-addicted individuals","volume":"42","author":"Parvaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.07.002","article-title":"A consistent attentional bias for drug-related material in active cocaine users across word and picture versions of the emotional Stroop task","volume":"81","author":"Hester","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq066","article-title":"Impaired insight in cocaine addiction: Laboratory evidence and effects on cocaine-seeking behaviour","volume":"133","author":"Moeller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.7.1115","article-title":"Is Cocaine Desire Reduced by N-Acetylcysteine?","volume":"164","author":"LaRowe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07663.x","article-title":"Motivated attention to cocaine and emotional cues in abstinent and current cocaine users\u2014An ERP study","volume":"33","author":"Dunning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cope, L.M., Vincent, G.M., Jobelius, J.L., Nyalakanti, P.K., Calhoun, V.D., and Kiehl, K.A. (2014). Psychopathic traits modulate brain responses to drug cues in incarcerated offenders. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00087"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws252","article-title":"Psychophysiological prediction of choice: Relevance to insight and drug addiction","volume":"135","author":"Moeller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000450","article-title":"Electrophysiological Responses to Emotional and Cocaine Cues Reveal Individual Neuroaffective Profiles in Cocaine Users","volume":"30","author":"Webber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1830-y","article-title":"Effects of alcohol preload on attentional bias towards cocaine-related cues","volume":"210","author":"Montgomery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3555-9","article-title":"Yohimbine administration and cue-reactivity in cocaine-dependent individuals","volume":"231","author":"Maria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112611","article-title":"Cortisol reactivity and situational drug use in cocaine-dependent females","volume":"282","author":"Campbell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00371-2","article-title":"Neural Systems and Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving","volume":"26","author":"Bonson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150207","article-title":"Cocaine cue-induced dopamine release in the human prefrontal cortex","volume":"41","author":"Milella","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00135-5","article-title":"Comparing levels of cocaine cue reactivity in male and female outpatients","volume":"53","author":"Robbins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.5.778","article-title":"Tryptophan Depletion and Attenuation of Cue-Induced Craving for Cocaine","volume":"152","author":"Satel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.008","article-title":"Non-treatment laboratory stress- and cue-reactivity studies are associated with decreased substance use among drug-dependent individuals","volume":"105","author":"DeSantis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.11.005","article-title":"Community-dwelling cocaine-dependent men and women respond differently to social stressors versus cocaine cues","volume":"35","author":"Waldrop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.016","article-title":"Reactivity to laboratory stress provocation predicts relapse to cocaine","volume":"106","author":"Back","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)91224-6","article-title":"Electroencephalographic Activity and Mood in Cocaine-Dependent Outpatients: Effects of Cocaine Cue Exposure","volume":"36","author":"Bauer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00103-9","article-title":"Mood state and recent cocaine use are not associated with levels of cocaine cue reactivity","volume":"59","author":"Robbins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(94)00066-2","article-title":"Differences between responders and nonresponders to cocaine cues in the laboratory","volume":"20","author":"Margolin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(96)00007-X","article-title":"Relationships Among Physiological and Self-report Responses Produced by Cocaine Related Cues","volume":"22","author":"Robbins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490490460175","article-title":"Sensitization to the psychosis-inducing effects of cocaine compared with measures of cocaine craving and cue reactivity","volume":"13","author":"Reid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(97)00290-0","article-title":"Laboratory Exposure to Cocaine Cues Does Not Increase Cocaine Use by Outpatient Subjects","volume":"15","author":"Ehrman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2012.00253.x","article-title":"Genetic association of GABA-A receptor alpha-2 and Mu opioid receptor with cocaine Cue-reactivity: Evidence for inhibitory synaptic neurotransmission involvement in cocaine dependence","volume":"21","author":"Smelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245266","article-title":"Conditioned responses to cocaine-related stimuli in cocaine abuse patients","volume":"107","author":"Ehrman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox, S.M.L., Yau, Y., Larcher, K., Durand, F., Kolivakis, T., Delaney, J.S., Dagher, A., Benkelfat, C., and Leyton, M. (2017). Cocaine cue-induced dopamine release in recreational cocaine users. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46665"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(97)00014-2","article-title":"Cue reactivity in cocaine-dependent subjects: Effects of cue type and cue modality","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490050173226","article-title":"Skin conductance hypo-responding in recently abstinent cocaine dependent inpatients","volume":"9","author":"Killeen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.58","article-title":"Stimulant-induced dopamine increases are markedly blunted in active cocaine abusers","volume":"19","author":"Volkow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.1.11","article-title":"Limbic Activation During Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving","volume":"156","author":"Childress","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-2010-8","article-title":"Risperidone diminishes cocaine-induced craving","volume":"178","author":"Newton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301194","article-title":"Increased occupancy of dopamine receptors in human striatum during cue-elicited cocaine craving","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/19585969.2023.2208586","article-title":"Connectome-based prediction of craving in gambling disorder and cocaine use disorder","volume":"25","author":"Antons","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.03.025","article-title":"Cannabis and cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent individuals: A pilot study","volume":"73","author":"Potvin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volkow, N.D., Tomasi, D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J.S., Telang, F., Goldstein, R.Z., Alia-Klein, N., and Wong, C. (2011). Reduced metabolism in brain \u201ccontrol networks\u201d following cocaine-cues exposure in female cocaine abusers. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016573"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.193","article-title":"Brain Activity during Cocaine Craving and Gambling Urges: An fMRI Study","volume":"41","author":"Kober","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107815","article-title":"History of withdrawal modulates drug- and food-cue reactivity in cocaine dependent participants","volume":"208","author":"Denomme","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.108027","article-title":"Intrinsic connectivity demonstrates a shared role of the posterior cingulate for cue reactivity in both gambling and cocaine use disorders","volume":"155","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(94)90006-X","article-title":"Cue-Elicited Cocaine Craving and Autogenic Relaxation Association With Treatment Outcome","volume":"11","author":"Margolin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Subst. Abus. Treat."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6583","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1544-06.2006","article-title":"Cocaine cues and dopamine in dorsal striatum: Mechanism of craving in cocaine addiction","volume":"26","author":"Volkow","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scala, S.G., Kang, M.S., Cox, S.M.L., Rosa-Neto, P., Massarweh, G., and Leyton, M. (2024). Mesocorticolimbic function in cocaine polydrug users: A multimodal study of drug cue reactivity and cognitive regulation. Addict. Biol., 29.","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13358"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinotti, G., Pettorruso, M., Montemitro, C., Spagnolo, P.A., Martellucci, C.A., Di Carlo, F., Fanella, F., and di Giannantonio, M. (2022). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-seeking subjects with cocaine use disorder: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 116.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110513"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700710","article-title":"Risperidone Decreases Craving and Relapses in Individuals with Schizophrenia and Cocaine Dependence","volume":"47","author":"Smelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.018","article-title":"Wavelet-transformed temporal cerebral blood flow signals during attempted inhibition of cue-induced cocaine craving distinguish prognostic phenotypes","volume":"128","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.1.86","article-title":"Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cocaine Craving","volume":"158","author":"Wexler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.1.124","article-title":"Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Brain Activation During Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving","volume":"155","author":"Maas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.12.1612","article-title":"An analysis of cue reactivity among persons with and without schizophrenia who are addicted to cocaine","volume":"53","author":"Smelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.088","article-title":"Cognitive control of drug craving inhibits brain reward regions in cocaine abusers","volume":"49","author":"Volkow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.6.537","article-title":"Electroretinogram in withdrawn cocaine-dependent subjects: Relationship to cue-elicited craving","volume":"172","author":"Smelson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volkow, N.D., Wang, G.-J., Tomasi, D., Telang, F., Fowler, J.S., Pradhan, K., Jayne, M., Logan, J., Goldstein, R.Z., and Alia-Klein, N. (2010). Methylphenidate attenuates limbic brain inhibition after cocaine-cues exposure in cocaine abusers. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011509"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110201600306","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in cocaine patients no relationship to cue-induced craving","volume":"16","author":"Roy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettorruso, M., Martinotti, G., Santacroce, R., Montemitro, C., Fanella, F., and di Giannantonio, M. (2019). rTMS Reduces Psychopathological Burden and Cocaine Consumption in Treatment-Seeking Subjects With Cocaine Use Disorder: An Open Label, Feasibility Study. Front. Psychiatry, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00621"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379704200920","article-title":"Risperidone Diminishes Cue-Elicited Craving in Withdrawn Cocaine-Dependent Patients","volume":"42","author":"Smelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00093-8","article-title":"Residual effects of repeated cocaine smoking in humans","volume":"47","author":"Foltin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00192-9","article-title":"Effect of Cocaine-Related Environmental Stimuli on the Spontaneous Electroencephalogram in Polydrug Abusers","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.03.025","article-title":"Cue-induced craving in patients with cocaine use disorder predicts cognitive control deficits toward cocaine cues","volume":"47","author":"DiGirolamo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.6.1619","article-title":"Cocaine craving, euphoria, and self-administration: A preliminary study of the effect of catecholamine precursor depletion","volume":"119","author":"Leyton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108554","article-title":"Modafinil reduces smoked cocaine self-administration in humans: Effects vary as a function of cocaine \u2018priming\u2019 and cost","volume":"221","author":"Haney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12040","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.12040","article-title":"Activation of memory circuits during cue-elicited cocaine craving","volume":"93","author":"Grant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.07.006","article-title":"Cocaine craving and attentional bias in cocaine-dependent schizophrenic patients","volume":"128","author":"Copersino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Land, M.A., Ramesh, D., Miller, A.L., Pyles, R.B., Cunningham, K.A., Moeller, F.G., and Anastasio, N.C. (2020). Methylation Patterns of the HTR2A Associate With Relapse-Related Behaviors in Cocaine-Dependent Participants. Front. Psychiatry, 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00532"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e369","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.131","article-title":"Variation within the serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2C receptor system aligns with vulnerability to cocaine cue reactivity","volume":"4","author":"Anastasio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac087","article-title":"Altered prefrontal signaling during inhibitory control in a salient drug context in cocaine use disorder","volume":"33","author":"Ceceli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6001","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4247-08.2009","article-title":"Dopaminergic response to drug words in cocaine addiction","volume":"29","author":"Goldstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(98)00112-9","article-title":"Influences of individual differences in craving and obsessive cocaine thoughts on attentional processes in cocaine abuse pateints","volume":"25","author":"Franken","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16667","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011455107","article-title":"Oral methylphenidate normalizes cingulate activity in cocaine addiction during a salient cognitive task","volume":"107","author":"Goldstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9453","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900491106","article-title":"Anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivations to an emotionally salient task in cocaine addiction","volume":"106","author":"Goldstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.10.012","article-title":"Altered anterior cingulate cortex to hippocampus effective connectivity in response to drug cues in men with cocaine use disorder","volume":"271","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.05.019","article-title":"Enhanced orbitofrontal cortex function and lack of attentional bias to cocaine cues in recreational stimulant users","volume":"75","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2011.643986","article-title":"Measures of attentional bias and relational responding are associated with behavioral treatment outcome for cocaine dependence","volume":"38","author":"Carpenter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120944161","article-title":"I can\u2019t get it off my mind: Attentional bias in former and current cocaine addiction","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.001","article-title":"Drug Fluency: A Potential Marker for Cocaine Use Disorders","volume":"89","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5215.2009.00389.x","article-title":"Decreased drug-cue-induced attentional bias in individuals with treated and untreated drug dependence","volume":"21","author":"Gardini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990701523722","article-title":"Attentional bias towards cocaine-related stimuli: Relationship to treatment-seeking for cocaine dependence","volume":"33","author":"Vadhan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.543204","article-title":"Relationship between attentional bias to cocaine-related stimuli and impulsivity in cocaine-dependent subjects","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abus."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.11.024","article-title":"Role of the anterior cingulate and medial orbitofrontal cortex in processing drug cues in cocaine addiction","volume":"144","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2014.12134.x","article-title":"Clinical correlates of attentional bias to drug cues associated with cocaine dependence","volume":"23","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Addict."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2424-z","article-title":"Attentional bias to drug cues is elevated before and during temptations to use heroin and cocaine","volume":"219","author":"Waters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1251","article-title":"Immune system inflammation in cocaine dependent individuals: Implications for medications development","volume":"27","author":"Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(05)80046-4","article-title":"Neuroimaging Study of Sex Differences in the Neuropathology of Cocaine Abuse","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gend. Med."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020289","article-title":"Neural correlates of stress-induced and cue-induced drug craving: Influences of sex and cocaine dependence","volume":"169","author":"Potenza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.05.002","article-title":"Frequency of recent cocaine and alcohol use affects drug craving and associated responses to stress and drug-related cues","volume":"30","author":"Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.15.5.445","article-title":"Sex Steroid Hormones, Stress Response, and Drug Craving in Cocaine-Dependent Women: Implications for Relapse Susceptibility","volume":"15","author":"Sinha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2280","article-title":"Stress system changes associated with marijuana dependence may increase craving for alcohol and cocaine","volume":"28","author":"Fox","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109794","article-title":"Sex differences in neural responses to stress and drug cues predicts future drug use in individuals with substance use disorder","volume":"244","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000499","article-title":"Psychological stress, drug-related cues and cocaine craving","volume":"152","author":"Sinha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0303-1","article-title":"Gender differences in cardiovascular and corticoadrenal response to stress and drug cues in cocaine dependent individuals","volume":"185","author":"Fox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301470","article-title":"Enhanced sensitivity to stress and drug\/alcohol craving in abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals compared to social drinkers","volume":"33","author":"Fox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.3.324","article-title":"Stress-Induced Cocaine Craving and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Responses Are Predictive of Cocaine Relapse Outcomes","volume":"63","author":"Sinha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e292","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.62","article-title":"A variant on the kappa opioid receptor gene (OPRK1) is associated with stress response and related drug craving, limbic brain activation and cocaine relapse risk","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108062","article-title":"The Efficacy of Lidocaine in Disrupting Cocaine Cue-Induced Memory Reconsolidation","volume":"212","author":"Becker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050898","article-title":"Stress-induced craving and stress response in cocaine dependent individuals","volume":"142","author":"Sinha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019451","article-title":"Self-reports of interoceptive responses during stress and drug cue-related experiences in cocaine- and alcohol-dependent individuals","volume":"18","author":"Bergquist","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agp060","article-title":"Sex-specific dissociations in autonomic and HPA responses to stress and cues in alcohol-dependent patients with cocaine abuse","volume":"44","author":"Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0147-8","article-title":"Neural activity associated with stress-induced cocaine craving: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"183","author":"Sinha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1525-8","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympatho-adreno-medullary responses during stress-induced and drug cue-induced cocaine craving states","volume":"170","author":"Sinha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.09.015","article-title":"Sensory and motor aspects of addiction","volume":"207","author":"Yalachkov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.8.4321","article-title":"Control of cocaine-seeking behavior by drug-associated stimuli in rats: Effects on recovery of extinguished operant-responding and extracellular dopamine levels in amygdala and nucleus accumbens","volume":"97","author":"Weiss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, K., McDuffie, C., Manza, P., and Joseph, P.V. (2022). Taste and smell alterations and substance use disorders. Sensory Science and Chronic Diseases: Clinical Implications and Disease Management, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86282-4_8"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.12.6.2210.1","article-title":"Different Olfactory Perception in Heroin Addicts Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"13","author":"Bilehsavar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basic. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thaysen-Petersen, D., Hammerum, S.K., D\u00fcring, S.W., Larsen, P.V., Fink-Jensen, A., and Mellentin, A.I. (2025). The efficacy of conventional and technology assisted cue exposure therapy for treating substance use disorders: A qualitative systematic review. Front. Psychiatry, 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1544763"}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/15\/6\/626\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:49:37Z","timestamp":1760032177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/15\/6\/626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"references-count":268,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci15060626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci15060626","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]}}}