{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:40:14Z","timestamp":1790178014490,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":244,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) deploys image-guidance to deliver multiple beams of highly focused ionizing radiation to tightly conformed anatomical targets, leading to precise dosing of radiation-induced cellular injury and predictable biological responses that can be applied to treat a multitude of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Herein we review the principles of CNS radiobiology, comparing differences between SRS and conventional radiation therapy. We then review the radiobiology of SRS as it pertains to the treatment of CNS tumors and vascular malformations and the emerging application of SRS for the treatment of functional and psychiatric neurological disorders. Finally, we look toward the future in combining SRS with other novel technologies to improve treatment outcomes for patients with CNS disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15060649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T04:20:23Z","timestamp":1750134023000},"page":"649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Understanding the Radiobiology of Central Nervous System Diseases in the Golden Age of Radiosurgery\u2014Does It Matter?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fred C.","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Guru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyaldeen","family":"AbuReesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke S.","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Rahimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erqi Liu","family":"Pollom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5360-7063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Soltys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9858-2592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90080-F","article-title":"The radiobiology of radiosurgery","volume":"25","author":"Larson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. 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