{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:44:27Z","timestamp":1788281067569,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00439936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00439936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2021-NR066332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-NR066332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00439936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00439936"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2021-NR066332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-NR066332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Research Fund","award":["RS-2024-00439936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00439936"]}]},{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Research Fund","award":["RS-2021-NR066332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-NR066332"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can optimize recovery by complementing the low cardiovascular fitness intensities typically achieved in stroke rehabilitation programs. Skating exercise is an HIIT workout developed based on ice skating movements, and we investigated the effects of this exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness of elderly patients with minor stroke. Methods: Participants aged 65 or older with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 3 or lower were recruited. This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial, in which the intervention group engaged in skating exercises following HIIT, while the control group underwent moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Both groups of participants performed either HIIT or MICT for 20 min per day, four times a week, over three months. Results: A total of 34 elderly patients with minor stroke were recruited, with an average age of 70.7 years. For three months, no fall-down injuries or adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events were reported among patients undergoing HIIT or MICT. Both the intervention and control groups showed significant increases in the measures of aerobic capacity after the intervention. However, the patients in the intervention group exhibited significantly greater improvements in peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory threshold, and peak MET (p = 0.005, p = 0.002, and p = 0.024, respectively). Additionally, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores and the skeletal muscle mass index showed significantly greater enhancements in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.032 and p = 0.032). Conclusions: In conclusion, skating exercise could be a safe and effective HIIT protocol for elderly people who have experienced a minor stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15070676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T08:50:57Z","timestamp":1750755057000},"page":"676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Skating Exercises as High-Intensity Interval Training on Elderly Stroke Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9954-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000341696","article-title":"Transient ischemic attack and minor stroke are the most common manifestations of acute cerebrovascular disease: A prospective, population-based study-the Aarhus TIA study","volume":"40","author":"Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.572883","article-title":"What is a minor stroke?","volume":"41","author":"Fischer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.027465","article-title":"Disability After Minor Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in the POINT Trial","volume":"51","author":"Cucchiara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e708","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007936","article-title":"Disability after minor stroke and TIA: A secondary analysis of the SOCRATES trial","volume":"93","author":"Cucchiara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2022-002049","article-title":"Editorial: Minor stroke is not minor","volume":"8","author":"Xinyi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. 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