{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:57:12Z","timestamp":1792789032901,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente 2024-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente 2024-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GUP 24011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUP 24011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Telethon-UILDM","award":["Ricerca Corrente 2024-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente 2024-2026"]}]},{"name":"Telethon-UILDM","award":["GUP 24011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUP 24011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is often discussed in the literature with regard to physical impairments. This narrative review aims to show that living with DMD involves psychological, psychosocial, and cognitive aspects in addition to the well-known physical complications. Methods: Firstly, this review examines the main cognitive functions affecting subjects with DMD and the possible role of dystrophin gene mutations on the central nervous system. Secondly, it analyzes the comorbidity between DMD, neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder) and psychopathological traits (anxiety and\/or depressive symptoms). Finally, the review addresses the relatively sparse literature investigating the positive aspects associated with the experience of DMD, like psychosocial resources, resilience, subjective well-being, positive individual and social functioning, and social support. Results: DMD has a significant impact on cognitive areas, probably due to dystrophin deficiency in the brain. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental comorbidities and psychopathological symptoms is also higher in people with DMD than in the general population. Despite these challenges, emerging studies highlight the role of psychosocial and environmental resources, including resilience and supportive social relations, in promoting a good quality of life and successful adaptation to disease progression. Conclusions: Early recognition of the above difficulties and strengths could ensure better care and promote an overall better quality of life for people with DMD and their families, physically, psychologically, and socially. Preclinical and clinical research is moving in the direction of finding new therapies, treatments, and psychosocial interventions to pursue these goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15070695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T07:42:06Z","timestamp":1751355726000},"page":"695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Living with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Beyond the Physical Implications: Cognitive Features, Psychopathology Aspects, and Psychosocial Resources\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6637-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Tizzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unit of Child Psychopathology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5480-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Canella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unit of Rare Diseases of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1381-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Delle Fave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, MI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6850-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Di Lernia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, e-Campus University, 22060 Novedrate, CO, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4640-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unit of Child Psychopathology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Nobile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unit of Child Psychopathology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unit of Rare Diseases of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System, 23842 Bosisio Parini, LC, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00248-3","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. 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