{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:02:17Z","timestamp":1789124537743,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013139","name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of the Ministry of Education of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24YJC890065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24YJC890065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of aerobic exercise on depressive symptoms and to determine the optimal exercise prescription for Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase databases. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval. Results: Aerobic exercise significantly alleviated depressive symptoms in PD patients (SMD, \u22120.68, p = 0.002). Subgroup analyses revealed that moderate intensity aerobic exercise (SMD, \u22120.72, p = 0.0006), interventions conducted for \u226512 weeks (SMD, \u22120.85, p = 0.04), \u22653 times per week (SMD, \u22120.68, p = 0.002), \u226560 min per session (SMD, \u22120.57, p &lt; 0.0001), and \u2265180 min per week (SMD, \u22120.87, p = 0.0002) were more effective in improving depressive symptoms in PD patients, especially in PD patients with a disease duration of \u22646 years (SMD, \u22121.00, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Integrating the available data, it is clear that aerobic exercise is a proven method for alleviating depressive symptoms in PD patients. This meta-analysis provides empirical support for clinicians to recommend that PD patients engage in aerobic exercise regimens of no less than 12 weeks\u2019 duration, performed at a minimum frequency of three sessions per week, with each session lasting in excess of 60 min and a cumulative weekly duration of at least 180 min, to effectively attenuate depressive symptomatology. Earlier implementation of aerobic exercise interventions is recommended, as PD patients in the early stages of the disease (up to 6 years post-diagnosis) may derive the greatest benefit in terms of depression symptom improvement from such programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15080792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T11:38:41Z","timestamp":1753443521000},"page":"792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Depressive Symptoms in People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Performance and Skill Assessment, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4397-8768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Performance and Skill Assessment, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9843-1674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingxiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7649-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laikang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Performance and Skill Assessment, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Strength and Conditioning Assessment and Monitoring, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cong, S., Xiang, C., Zhang, S., Zhang, T., Wang, H., and Cong, S. 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