{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:15:44Z","timestamp":1787170544095,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program in Physical Therapy at Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the basal ganglia and is characterized by psychiatric, cognitive, and movement dysfunction, including gait and balance impairment. Given the limited efficacy of pharmacological treatments for HD motor symptoms, nonpharmacological approaches like rhythmic auditory stimulation are being explored. This study aims to describe walking performance in people with HD during rhythmic auditory stimulation using external musical cues and internal singing cues. Methods: Individuals in the manifest stage of HD performed walking in four conditions: (1) comfortable pace, (2) cognitive dual task, (3) musical cue (music was played aloud), and (4) singing cue (participants sang aloud). Sensors measured cadence, velocity, stride length, and variability. Relationships between change in cadence and motor and cognitive measures were explored. Results: While no direct measurements of synchronization were performed, limiting our interpretation, neither the external musical cue nor the singing cue significantly improved walking performance. Both cues increased variability, similar to what was observed during the dual task. Greater subjective balance confidence and better cognitive performance were associated with positive cadence change during cueing. Conclusions: Musical cues may be too cognitively demanding for individuals with Huntington\u2019s disease as they worsen gait variability without increasing gait speed, cadence, or stride length. Although global cognition and perceived balance confidence were related to the ability to increase cadence, very few people were able to increase their cadence during either cue. Therefore, the results do not support the use of musical cues to improve gait for individuals with Huntington\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15080820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T15:09:53Z","timestamp":1754492993000},"page":"820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Musical Distractions: Music-Based Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation Fails to Improve Gait in Huntington\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3689-8767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidney T.","family":"Baudendistel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Tueth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison M.","family":"Haussler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9639-6051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gammon M.","family":"Earhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29228","article-title":"Prevalence and Incidence of Huntington\u2019s Disease: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"37","author":"Medina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. 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