{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:57:37Z","timestamp":1793735857360,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: It has been recently demonstrated that some cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are connected to cerebral veins in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We sought to demonstrate the presence of CMB at 3 Tesla using susceptibility-weighted imaging and speculated that it was more prevalent in persons with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), another amyloid-related disease, than in healthy ageing controls. Material and Methods: We included persons from the publicly available OASIS3-database. Persons were included if they had a structural MRI including a susceptibility-weighted sequence (SWI) and relevant clinical data. Two raters assessed the presence and location of CMBs and CMBs with a venous connection (CMBven). Results: A total of 571 persons (AD, n = 140, healthy controls, n = 431) were included. In total, 367 CMBs were detected, encompassing 26\/571 persons (4.5%) who had a total of 40\/367 (10.9%) CMBs with a CMBven, though there was no difference between persons with AD and healthy controls (AD 6.6%, healthy controls 7.4%, p = 0.773). Persons with CMBven had a higher total CMB load, were more likely female, displayed an APOE \u03b52\/2 genotype and had antithrombotic treatment more often. Logistic regression revealed a higher number of CMB (OR (95% CI) = 1.351 (1.161\u20131.688), p &lt; 0.0014) and a lower MoCA score (OR (95% CI) = 0.862 (0.762\u20130.982), p = 0.018), indicating a statistically significant association with the presence of CMBven. Discussion: CMBven are not an uncommon finding in persons with AD and healthy ageing controls. Our results highlight the potential venous contribution to CSVD. Histopathological studies will be needed to assess these further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15080851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T11:02:09Z","timestamp":1754910129000},"page":"851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cerebral Microbleeds with a Venous Connection on 3 Tesla Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in Persons with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Healthy Aging Controls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0860-4410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Jensen-Kondering","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, UKSH Campus L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, UKSH Campus L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5130-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannes","family":"Schacht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, UKSH Campus L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5651-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, UKSH Campus L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Royl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UKSH Campus L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3245-7692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, UKSH Campus L\u00fcbeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zedde, M., Grisendi, I., Assenza, F., Vandelli, G., Napoli, M., Moratti, C., Lochner, P., Seiffge, D.J., Piazza, F., and Valzania, F. (2023). The Venular Side of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Proof of Concept of a Neglected Issue. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11102663"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlx009","article-title":"Collagenosis of the Deep Medullary Veins: An Underrecognized Pathologic Correlate of White Matter Hyperintensities and Periventricular Infarction?","volume":"76","author":"Keith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx047","article-title":"Emerging Concepts in Sporadic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy","volume":"140","author":"Charidimou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2013.35954","article-title":"Original Article \u03b2-Amyloid Deposits in Veins in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Intracerebral Haemorrhage","volume":"2","author":"Mendel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00208-3","article-title":"The Boston Criteria Version 2.0 for Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Multicentre, Retrospective, MRI\u2013Neuropathology Diagnostic Accuracy Study","volume":"21","author":"Charidimou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2048","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011790","article-title":"Detection of Cerebral Microbleeds With Venous Connection at 7-Tesla MRI","volume":"96","author":"Rotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"LaMontagne, P.J., Benzinger, T.L.S., Morris, J.C., Keefe, S., Hornbeck, R., Xiong, C., Grant, E., Hassenstab, J., Moulder, K., and Vlassenko, A.G. (2025, August 06). OASIS-3: Longitudinal Neuroimaging, Clinical, and Cognitive Dataset for Normal Aging and Alzheimer Disease. Available online: https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2019.12.13.19014902v1."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c34a7d","article-title":"The Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale (MARS)","volume":"73","author":"Gregoire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haacke, E.M., and Reichenbach, J.R. (2011). Imaging Cerebral Microbleeds with SWI. Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI. Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications, Wiley-Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470905203"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26734","article-title":"Dilated Juxtacortical Perivascular Spaces and Venous Cerebral Microbleeds in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad159","article-title":"The Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis: An Updated Critical Review","volume":"146","author":"Kepp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0281-2","article-title":"Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer Disease\u2014One Peptide, Two Pathways","volume":"16","author":"Greenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0366-2","article-title":"Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Its Relationship to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"115","author":"Thal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq321","article-title":"Brain Microbleeds and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Innocent Observation or Key Player?","volume":"134","author":"Cordonnier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.194.2.7824728","article-title":"Periventricular Venous Collagenosis: Association with Leukoaraiosis","volume":"194","author":"Moody","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65616-7","article-title":"Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy","volume":"153","author":"Weller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.537704","article-title":"Understanding White Matter Disease","volume":"40","author":"Black","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.10.020","article-title":"Linking Cerebrovascular Defense Mechanisms in Brain Ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"30","author":"Kalaria","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrone, C.D., Bishay, J., and McLaurin, J. (2020). Potential Role of Venular Amyloid in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061985"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3278","article-title":"The Smallest Stroke: Occlusion of One Penetrating Vessel Leads to Infarction and a Cognitive Deficit","volume":"16","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160952","article-title":"Abnormalities of Cerebral Deep Medullary Veins on 7 Tesla MRI in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Pilot Study","volume":"57","author":"Bouvy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029163","article-title":"Relationship Between Venules and Perivascular Spaces in Sporadic Small Vessel Diseases","volume":"51","author":"Jochems","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1789.1999.00215.x","article-title":"Micro-Angiographical Studies of the Medullary Venous System of the Cerebral Hemisphere","volume":"19","author":"Okudera","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww229","article-title":"Microbleed and Microinfarct Detection in Amyloid Angiopathy: A High-Resolution MRI-Histopathology Study","volume":"139","author":"Charidimou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25358","article-title":"Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM): Decoding MRI Data for a Tissue Magnetic Biomarker","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2016-000035","article-title":"Update on Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Dynamic Whole-Brain Disease","volume":"1","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/15\/8\/851\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:27:29Z","timestamp":1760034449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3425\/15\/8\/851"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["brainsci15080851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci15080851","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]]}}}