{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:45:37Z","timestamp":1760060737203,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP24K20647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K20647"]}]},{"name":"An Attempt to Accurately Measure Hippocampal Volume from Dementia-Related MRI Images with Motion Artifacts","award":["JP24K20647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24K20647"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (VSRAD) allows quantitative evaluation of the degree of an individual\u2019s brain atrophy through statistical comparison of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of their brain to a normative database of healthy Japanese individuals. Currently, the VSRAD is used in routine clinical practice in the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Recent studies using VSRAD have explored its utility in the assessment of brain atrophy associated with various conditions, including diabetes, oral health status, and olfactory dysfunction. This review summarizes the principles of the VSRAD and its foundational method, voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and their clinical and research applications. Methods: This narrative review was conducted by performing a literature search of PubMed to identify articles regarding VBM and the VSRAD that were published between 2005 and 2025. Results: VSRAD yields four indices for quantifying the severity and extent of gray matter atrophy, especially in the medial temporal lobe. Studies have demonstrated its high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing among AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and DLB. Furthermore, it is correlated with neuropsychological test scores and has been applied to evaluate brain changes associated with diabetes, olfactory dysfunction, and physical inactivity. Motion-corrected MR images, which utilize AI techniques, have also been validated using VSRAD-derived metrics. Conclusions: Quantifying brain atrophy using the VSRAD allows objective evaluation and facilitates the investigation of its association with various diseases. Specifically, VSRAD can be considered a useful adjunctive tool for diagnosing AD and DLB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15090999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T05:59:51Z","timestamp":1758088791000},"page":"999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Statistical Parametric Mapping and Voxel-Based Specific Regional Analysis System for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (VSRAD): Principles and Clinical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9134-8744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinji","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, JCHO Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, Shinjuku 169-0073, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7788-3225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobukiyo","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Science, Faculty of Medical Science and Technology, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki 370-0006, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukinori","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Iga City Genera Hospital, Iga 518-0823, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norikazu","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Iga City Genera Hospital, Iga 518-0823, Japan"},{"name":"Ohno Medical Clinic, Iga 518-0216, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7704-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, JCHO Tokyo Yamate Medical Center, Shinjuku 169-0073, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6804-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanori","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5854-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"CD009628","article-title":"Structural magnetic resonance imaging for the early diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease in people with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"2","author":"Lonbaridi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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