{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:44:36Z","timestamp":1760060676233,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can occur due to malnutrition or reduced intestinal absorption, such as in short bowel syndrome (SBS). The main causes of SBS in adults include post-radiotherapy and surgery (e.g., repeated bowel resections). VAD mostly involves rods producing nyctalopia and reduced amplitudes of the electroretinogram (ERG) in scotopic conditions, with a characteristic negative ERG pattern (b\/a &lt; 1). Case Report: We report a 67-year-old woman with a history of gastric adenocarcinoma and several surgeries, who developed a progressive 3-month clinical picture of night blindness. Results: Urgent blood tests, biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure measurements, fundoscopy, and a cranial MRI were all normal. Visual evoked potentials showed increased latencies in both eyes, and full-field ERG showed a significant alteration in responses under scotopic conditions, and, to a lesser extent, under photopic conditions. Laboratory tests confirmed VAD, probably due to post-surgery and radiotherapy SBS. After parenteral vitamin replacement, VAD was clinically, analytically, and electroretinographically resolved. Discussion: VAD diagnosis is based on history, neuro-ophthalmological examination, and serum levels of retinol (&lt;0.3 \u00b5g\/mL) and\/or retinol\/retinol-binding protein (&lt;0.8). In cases of a history of SBS, acquired nyctalopia, negative ERG, and clinical, analytical, and electroretinographic improvement with restoration of vitamin A levels, VAD should be suspected. ERG is crucial for early and appropriate management. Conclusions: As far as we know, this is the first reported VAD case secondary to SBS following surgical resections and radiotherapy of gastric adenocarcinoma with neuro-ophthalmological, laboratory, and electroretinographic monitoring of VAD recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15091019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T08:37:39Z","timestamp":1758530259000},"page":"1019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nyctalopia Due to Vitamin A Deficiency Secondary to Short Bowel Syndrome: When the Electroretinogram Is the Diagnostic Key"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1766-4183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Le\u00f3n-Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Legan\u00e9s, 28914 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1769-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4101-7744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Casta\u00f1eda-Cabrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2022.101471","article-title":"Visual field decline and restoration following vitamin A therapy for vitamin A deficiency","volume":"26","author":"Wagner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Seres, D., Motil, K.J., and Swenson, S. (2025). Overview of Vitamin A, UpToDate. Available online: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/overview-of-vitamin-a."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01604-z","article-title":"Negative electroretinograms: Genetic and acquired causes, diagnostic approaches and physiological insights","volume":"35","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001763","article-title":"Short bowel syndrome in adults","volume":"117","author":"Bering","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2025, August 21). 24-2 & 24-2C Visual Field Exams The Complete, Central-Enhanced Guide. Virtualfield. 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