{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:57:11Z","timestamp":1762181831736,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association Belge contre les Maladies neuro-Musculaires ASBL (ABMM) aide \u00e0 la recherche"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The progressive life-limiting disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) arises from the absence of dystrophin protein at the muscle cell membrane, which leads to progressive contraction-induced damage. Despite the advancements in molecular therapies aimed at reintroducing (partially functional) dystrophin in patients, a cure for DMD remains elusive. Taurine supplements have been proposed as a potential supportive treatment for DMD, based upon encouraging results in the mouse model mdx. Methods: In a previous study, we observed improvements in skeletal muscle histology and a reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers after short-term treatment with 4.6 g taurine per kg body weight during the initial stages of the disease. In this follow-up study, we examined cell death and tissue restoration protein levels in mdx subjected to the same treatment regimen, utilizing proteome arrays, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Results: We report that, while the levels of apoptotic and autophagic proteins remained constant, selective and significant decrease in receptor-interacting Serine\/Threonine protein kinase 1 (RIP1) levels could be observed in taurine-treated mdx compared to untreated mdx. RIP1 was immunolocalized to muscle fibers, with faint homogeneous staining in age-matched healthy controls shifting to a heterogeneous staining pattern in mdx, the latter diminishing with taurine treatment. Conclusions: Given its role as a molecular switch in cell fate decisions, the observed taurine-induced downregulation of RIP1 supports the potential beneficial effects of the osmolyte in mdx.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15111175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T01:23:59Z","timestamp":1761873839000},"page":"1175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Taurine Administration Decreases the Levels of Receptor-Interacting Serine\/Threonine Protein Kinase 1 in the Duchenne Mouse Model mdx"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Marthe","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1536-5103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne","family":"Dhuyvetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Byttebier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Merckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1328-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan L.","family":"De Bleecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9403-4401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boel","family":"De Paepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00248-3","article-title":"Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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