{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:48:07Z","timestamp":1793728087337,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["P2022E3CZY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2022E3CZY"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The implementation of effective, non-pharmacological interventions for enhancing cognitive function is a critical area of research. This pilot study evaluates the usability, feasibility, and acceptance of two novel immersive virtual reality (IVR) memory tasks designed for cognitive training. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three healthy young volunteers (mean age 20 \u00b1 1.5 years) participated in a single session that included two IVR tasks: a \u201cVirtual Face Name Memory Task\u201d for long-term associative memory and a \u201cVirtual Object Location Memory Task\u201d for visuo-spatial working memory. The session, lasting approximately 30 min, was conducted using a Meta Quest 2 headset. To evaluate usability and feasibility, several standardized questionnaires were administered, including the User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire, NASA Task Load Index, User Experience Questionnaire, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, and System Usability Scale. Cognitive performance was measured through accuracy rates and the number of tasks completed. Results: Questionnaire results revealed an overwhelmingly positive user experience and high usability. Participants reported low frustration and a minimal incidence of cybersickness, confirming the procedure\u2019s feasibility. Performance-wise, participants demonstrated high accuracy in immediate associative memory tasks (names: 80%, occupations: 95%) and visuospatial working memory tasks (change detection: 88\u201392%, localization: 90\u201395%). Associative memory performance declined after a 10 min delay (names: 49%, occupations: 59%) but improved significantly in the delayed recognition task (names: 76%, occupations: 88%). Conclusions: This pilot study provides compelling preliminary evidence for the usability and feasibility of two novel IVR memory tasks for cognitive training. The positive user experience, minimal cybersickness, and low frustration ratings indicate that the procedure is a feasible and engaging tool for cognitive intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15121289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T09:34:37Z","timestamp":1764581677000},"page":"1289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["User Experience, System Usability, and Feasibility of Two Novel Immersive Virtual Reality Memory Tasks for Cognitive Training: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-0526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Tieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual Reality and Digital Neuroscience Lab, Department of Law and Digital Society, University of Rome UnitelmaSapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Psychology, Communication, Education, and Motor Sciences, Niccol\u00f2 Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8061-0738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Zabberoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Psychology, Communication, Education, and Motor Sciences, Niccol\u00f2 Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0485-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Tenaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Psychology, Communication, Education, and Motor Sciences, Niccol\u00f2 Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2196-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Stefania","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Psychology, Communication, Education, and Motor Sciences, Niccol\u00f2 Cusano University, 00166 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology of Memory, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). 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