{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:27:13Z","timestamp":1764858433909,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n","award":["PI-18-2025-0902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-18-2025-0902"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias","award":["R56AG069118-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AG069118-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) is a validated cognitive screening tool for illiterate and low-educated individuals, adaptable across languages and cultures. In Peru, we adapted it for Quechua speakers (Q-RUDAS) to assess cognitive status in older adults. Objective: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of neurocognitive disorders\u2014mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia\u2014among Quechua-speaking older adults in one of the most socially vulnerable districts of Peru using the Quechua version of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (Q-RUDAS), a brief cognitive screening tool validated in Peru. Methods: We studied 511 participants from Puno a region in the southern Peruvian Andes (mean age 65.04 \u00b1 6.73 years; 80.4% females), collecting sociodemographic data and Q-RUDAS scores. After excluding 18 individuals with medical conditions that could affect cognitive performance, such as neurological, psychiatric, or cerebrovascular disorders, 493 completed the test. Results: All Q-RUDAS items were well understood, although over 50% of participants struggled with visuospatial construction. The mean Q-RUDAS score was 26.01 \u00b1 2.71. Of the participants, 446 (90.5%) scored within normal ranges (26.67 \u00b1 1.92), 41 (8.3%) were classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (21.49 \u00b1 1.92), and 6 (1.2%) as having dementia (17.00 \u00b1 2.71) based on established Q-RUDAS cut-offs. Urban participants scored higher. The prevalence of MCI and dementia combined was 9.52%. Conclusions: The Q-RUDAS is a culturally sensitive tool that can support the identification of cognitive impairment in Indigenous populations. Our findings highlight the need for further cross-validation studies to refine diagnostic accuracy in Quechua-speaking populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15121307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:53:30Z","timestamp":1764856410000},"page":"1307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Neurocognitive Disorders in the Elderly Quechua Population Using the Q-RUDAS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0497-5270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Zegarra-Valdivia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth Diana","family":"Mamani Quispe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Uni\u00f3n, Puno 21000, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Chinoapaza Turpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Uni\u00f3n, Puno 21000, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Paredes-Manrique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica del Per\u00fa, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Malaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima 15046, Peru"},{"name":"Unidad de Diagn\u00f3stico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevenci\u00f3n de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9818-2601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Mamani-Benito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Deparment, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Montesinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima 15046, Peru"},{"name":"Unidad de Diagn\u00f3stico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevenci\u00f3n de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8025-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilton","family":"Custodio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima 15046, Peru"},{"name":"Unidad de Diagn\u00f3stico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevenci\u00f3n de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima 15046, Peru"},{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima 15046, Peru"},{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima 15067, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7075-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Tosto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tau Institute for Research on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"},{"name":"The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610215000861","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of dementia among indigenous populations: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Warren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera-Perez, E., Custodio, N., Diaz, M., Montesinos, R., Chang, A., Villafuerte, M., and Lanata, S. (2023). Epidemiology of neurocognitive disorders in adults from urban-marginalized areas: A door-to-door population-based study in Puente Piedra, Lima, Peru. Front. 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